To What Extent Does Restructuring Transform Corporate Market and Financial Performance?

To what extent does restructuring transform corporate market and financial performance? Discuss using an extended example. Restructuring is simply the reorganisation of a company’s structure to combat external or internal forces that hinder the maximisation of shareholder value. The term restructuring is quite broad an is an umbrella term for any action taken by a firm to maximise shareholders wealth (Wright et al) or a company’s reaction when it’s under pressure (Usui and Colignon, 1996). These actions â€Å"bracket mergers and acquisitions with much else† (Froud et al. , 2002, P. 2).This essay should explain in great detail how restructuring can transform corporate market and financial performance. It will focus on financial, portfolio and organisational restructuring and more specifically the following restructuring actions: mergers and acquisition and outsourcing and off-shoring. In addition Marks and Spencer and British Airways would be used interchan geably as extended examples to further illustrate stated points. Restructuring actions usually occur to revive failing businesses. By delayering or merging with another business firms are likely to become more competitive and more profitable.It is also not uncommon for restructuring to be used as a preventative measure to stay ahead of the game and react to competition. If done correctly and when necessary, it should result in economies of scale, decreased operational costs and easier communication. Financial restructuring refers to changes in a company’s financial structure. It involves managing debts, stocks and shareholder payments. Portfolio restructuring on the other hand deals with products, acquisitions and diversification. Finally organisational restructuring is mainly concerned with the human resources in the company.Mergers and Acquisitions are the most common forms of restructuring. â€Å"In value terms, the merger of whole companies through (often hostile) takeov er continues to be the most important form of restructuring†. (Froud et al P 3). Companies prefer to restructure in this manner as it brings numerous instant benefits and can aid in transforming market and financial performance immediately. Firstly, merging with or acquiring a company gives an instant increase in market share. It is the easiest way to enter into a new market and have a larger customer base overnight.British Airways' recent merger with Iberia has been beneficial to shareholders, employees and customers. According to the airline their corporate market would be transformed as they would be flying to more destinations, own more aircrafts and have more passengers. Thus making it more competitive and strengthening the company's image and brand. In addition, their financial performance would be transformed as they stand to benefit from a significant decrease in costs and benefit from economies of scale the merger is bound to provide.These costs savings can be then pa ssed on to the customer and might enable British Airways to be competitive on price; a luxury it might have not been able to afford prior to the merger. The merger might also help British Airways break into the South American market; a market in which it had no prior expertise or significant market share in. In addition to an increased market share, Kotler’s 8 C framework details how a firm’s market power could be increased through mergers and acquisitions (Kotler et al 2005).Firms gain greater control of every aspect of their products, greater efficiency, greater control of customer experiences and increased buying power if they have links with their competitors, challengers, collaborators, commodities, components, customers or consumers. Despite aiding in transforming corporate market and financial performance to some extent, mergers and acquisitions aren't exempt from critique. This form of restructuring despite being the most common is also the most critiqued. Firs tly, there is the issue of Monopoly and fair competition. The Acquisition of a competitor could instantly make a firm the market leader.Consumers suffer as a result. There might be little product differentiation, increased prices and barriers to new entrants could be put to prevent other smaller companies from entering the market thus giving a single organisation too much power. The government sometimes has to step in to minimise the formation of monopolies. British Airways were hopeful for a merger with American Airlines which would have made them a dominant airline in major airports across the world. The deal was eventually stopped because of its anti competitive nature. In addition to monopolies, a popular critique on mergers and acquisitions is they just don't work. †¦ the Boston consultancy group estimate that 64% of recent US acquisitions actually destroy value for the acquirers shareholders† (Kotler et al 2004) â€Å"rather than increased profitability, mergers an d acquisitions have come to be associated with lowered morale, job dissatisfaction, unproductive behaviour†¦ † (Meeks 1977, Sinetar 1981, Attendorf 1986, Cartwright & Cooper 1993). Three major reasons for the failure of mergers and acquisitions are a clash of organisational culture, human relations dilemmas and abandoning core competencies. Different organisations have unique styles of going about their day to day operations.When a company merges with or acquires another the dominant culture usually prevails however employees from the organisation with the less dominant culture might still carry on doing things the way they've always done it thus causing this clash. Errors associated with clashing cultures could range from minute to disastrous and if this carries on for a prolonged period of time, the opposite of the perceived benefits of mergers and acquisitions is most likely to occur. Employees also tend to feel worried about their job security when any form of restruc turing takes place.Their insecurities are manifested through their actions that usually prove costly for the newly merged or acquired organisation and can eventually drive it to failure. High labour turnover, absenteeism and decreased productivity are some of the actions that could be manifested as a result of job insecurity. A disparity in core competencies is a final reason why mergers and acquisitions are becoming more prone to failure. Hamel and Prahalad (1994) argue that an organisation can never gain long term financial rewards if its core competencies are ignored.Thus merging with or acquiring a company with contrasting core competences isn't likely to be successful. The merger between Daimler Benz (makers of Mercedes Benz) and Chrysler is a perfect example of a failed merger. Due to a clash of organisational culture and contrasting core competencies, the merger eventually ended in failure. There were good intentions behind the merger but finding the balance between Daimler B enz's high end auto mobiles and Chrysler's middle of the road range proved more difficult than anticipated thus Chrysler was eventually sold off.Druckers (1985) critique of mergers and acquisition argued that managers often seek to restructure in this manner to spread risk but it doesn’t guarantee success and usually results in failure. His five rules for successful acquisition give useful steps that managers might want to take into consideration prior to restructuring their organisation in this fashion. Outsourcing is another restructuring initiative used by firms when they find it necessary. Outsourcing aids in transforming the corporate market and financial performance of a firm to a great extent.It enables firms to focus completely on their core competencies as other organisations are hired to carry out activities that aren't directly related to the company's operations. It saves costs, improves efficiency and aids in the implementation of rapid change. In addition, findi ng workers with the necessary qualifications and skill in a specific country required might be difficult, thus offshore outsourcing becomes a necessity (King, 2009). One of the most outsourced operations in the United Kingdom and the USA is Information Technology. †There are more IT positions in the USA than there are graduates† (Morrill, 2009).Mark's and Spencer's indulge in offshore outsourcing to aid with its IT operations. As a result they have been able to focus on areas of more importance to them which is the quality of their products and their customer service. Additionally, offshore outsourcing aids in creating jobs in developing third world countries where unemployment rates are high. Some of the accounting and research operations on Wall Street are outsourced offshore. The companies are usually based in India where the best candidates are selected for the job and would be paid a good wage according to the standard of living in India.However if the very same ope rations were to be performed in New York, the staff may not be as skilled as those in India and would demand triple the salary in accordance to the higher standard of living in New York. All in all, Outsourcing is intended to ensure that the most skilled and most efficient people do the job at a mutually beneficial financial cost. On the other hand, there are so many ethical and political concerns associated with outsourcing. Many believe that it’s damaging to the economy as creating employment offshore decreases employment in the company's home country. â€Å"†¦ utsourcing is a poor alternative to a firm's internal management of Information Technology and services because it is tantamount to selling your ‘birthright'†¦ † (Clark et al, 1995). Also, ethical issues such as exploiting local workers in offshore countries in a desperate bid to keep overheads to a bare minimum and maximise profits have been connected to outsourcing. Numerous companies have be en scrutinised and criticised for this. The likes of Nike and Primark have endured the embarrassment and scandal of engaging in child labour in an attempt to keep overheads unrealistically low.Pisano (2009) argues that outsourcing operations especially manufacturing can provide a leak in information which might enable competitors overseas to hone their skills and possible surpass the skills of the company outsourcing. Other criticisms of outsourcing include quality control, loss of managerial control and hidden costs or the service being outsourced proving to be more costly in the long run. British Airways outsources almost all its operations. Back office operations, finance and accounting and its in-flight retail business are all outsourced.This has resulted in poor employee relations, a breakdown in communication and poor customer service amongst a host of other things. Whilst Marks and Spencer's restructuring included outsourcing IT operations which resulted in some employees bei ng made redundant and other transferred to their outsourced off shore location. To conclude, restructuring transforms corporate market and financial performance to a significant extent. Every firm needs to change especially when it is at risk of failure or it’s not as profitable as it once was.Mark's and Spencer’s restructuring ensured the company was re-branded in the customer's mind and an emphasis was placed on quality. As a result sales soared and market share was gained. On the other hand their restructuring initiatives also led to the company making the strategic decision to close all shops in France; thus bringing about bad press, criticism from trade unions and the French government, law suits and parties calling for consumers to boycott Mark's and Spencer's stores. Restructuring is however necessary if a business is to remain competitive.If competitors are changing and a firm decides to remain stagnant, it is only a matter of time before it becomes irrelevant. The decision to restructure must be dependent on the overall business strategy. â€Å"Strategic management as a discipline is concerned with how firms formulate and implement strategies in order to accomplish desired performance goals. † (Schendel and Hofer 1979). A more aggressive proactive strategy might be better suited for companies pursuing mergers and acquisitions whilst an organisation with a cost saving and value adding strategy might prefer to outsource.Restructuring does transform corporate market and financial performance but should only ever be used in synch with the overall corporate strategy to reap maximum benefits. Bibliography * MN220 Strategic Management: Lecture 18- Restructuring. Sukhdev Johal. 2012 * Restructuring for Shareholder value and its implications for labour. Cambridge journal of economics. Julie Froud, Colin Haslam, Sukhdev Johal and Karel Williams * Bbc. co. uk/business – Why firms bother to restructure. 12 Feb 2003: http://news. bbc. c o. uk/1/hi/business/711722. stm * Caterpillar: Two stories and an argument.J. Froud, K. Williams, C. Haslam, S. Johal, J. Williams. Accounting organisations and societies vol 23, 1998 * Globalisation, shareholder value, restructuring: The (Non)Transformation of Siemens Alexander Borsch * The Psychological impact of mergers and acquisition on the individual: A study of building society managers. Sue Cartwright, Larry L. Cooper. 1993 * Principles of Marketing. Phillip Kotler, Veronica Wong, John Saunders, Gary Armstrong. Fourth European Edition * The Outsourcing of information services: Transforming the nature of business in the information industry.Thomas D. Clark Jr, Rober W. Zmud, Gordon E. McCray. 1995 * An evaluation of the impact of corporate strategy and the role of information technology on IS functional outsourcing. V Grover, M Cheon, J TC Teng * Theoretical perspectives on the outsourcing of information systems. Myun J. Cheon, Vraun Grover and James T C Teng. 1995 * The U. S is outsourcing away its competitive edge. Gary P Pisano. HBR Blog network. 2009 * Offshore outsourcing: Practical and ethical arguments for and against from a small business perspective. Danny King. 2009 *

Aromatherapy and Stress Reduction Essay

My patient L. T. is a 35 twelvemonth old adult female who merely late migrated from West Africa. She is a female parent of four kids. runing from two old ages of age to 12 old ages of age. and she has merely been freshly diagnosed with early cervical malignant neoplastic disease. Even though this patient has a household history of cervical malignant neoplastic disease ( her female parent died from complications of cervical malignant neoplastic disease with metastatic ) prior to her diagnosing L. T. was symptomless. so this came as a daze to both her and her hubby of 12 old ages. Due to her household history of malignant neoplastic disease and the fact that she already has kids ( one miss and three male childs ) my patients intervention of pick is to hold a extremist hysterectomy performed. Even though she understands the necessity of the surgery and is in understanding with the process. L. T. is soon sing a batch of emphasis. anxiousness and periods of depression non merely due to he r new diagnosing or inquiries of if the malignant neoplastic disease would come back after intervention. but besides about her sex life post-surgery and any malformations that accompany such a major surgery. Stress and anxiousness can be psychologically stultifying. non merely doing riotous slumber or work but besides take downing a patients’ opposition and doing an already ill individual even more susceptible to infection and unwellness. Therefore. commanding my patient’s emphasis and anxiousness degree at this point in clip is really important. ground why I choose Aromatherapy as a complementary therapy for this patient. Aromatherapy which is a signifier of alternate medical specialty can be traced back 1000s of old ages ago when the Egyptians where known to fire incense made from aromatic wood. spices and herbs in award of their Gods. The ancient Egyptians strongly believed that as the fume rose up to heaven. it would transport their supplications and wants straight to the Gods. Furthermore. the Egyptians used the technique of distillment to pull out the oils from the fragrant workss and these oils were so used for curative and decorative intents. every bit good as embal ming the dead. They besides used the kernels of the workss to execute their spiritual rites. since they believed that certain aromas arising from specific workss raised 1s mindfulness. Therefore. in due class. the advancement of aromatics as medical specialties would engender the basicss that aromatherapy was built upon. In kernel the history of aromatherapy is necessarily related to the development of aromatic medical specialty. which in the early yearss was combined with faith. thaumaturgy and mysticism ( Fontaine. 2011 ) . Aromatherapy is the pattern of utilizing volatile works oils. pure indispensable oils obtained from a broad assortment of workss which have been steamed distilled or cold-pressed from bush. flowers. fruits. seeds and roots to advance psychological and physical wellbeing ( Fontaine. 2011 ) . Aromatherapy stimulates the immune system by moving on the cardinal nervous system. finally loosen uping and uplifting 1s emotional province. cut downing emphasis. alleviating depression and anxiousness. stimulating and even calming in order to reconstruct both emotional and physical wellbeing. Additionally. the usage of appropriate oils can hold powerful effects ; aromatherapy can besides be effectual in easing a broad assortment of diseases. comforting achings. strivings and hurts and therefore alleviating the uncomfortableness of legion wellness jobs ( Schnaubelt. 2011 ) . A recent research survey has found that marjoram indispensable oil increases the production of 5-hydroxytryptamine. a neurotransmitter that is involved in the transmittal of nervus urges. Serotonin is involved in modulating temper and an instability in 5-hydroxytryptamine degrees may act upon temper in a manner that leads to depression Additionally. several surveies over the past few old ages have found that Alz heimer’s sick persons became less agitated and restless when treated with lavender and lemon balm indispensable oils. Another research has shown that ylang-ylang indispensable oil boosts the body’s production of endorphins. a endocrine that produces feelings of wellbeing and hurting decrease ( Schnaubelt. 2011 ) . Hence. I would state my patient that any clip she feels the impulse to shout at the childs out of defeat. or anytime she feels depressed. it would be a good thought to take out the lavender indispensable oil and its microscopic chemicals would instantly trip her nervous system to quiet down. thereby loosen uping her musculuss. Due to the fact that my patient is of West African heritage she is really much open to the thought of aromatherapy. She tells a narrative of how back in her native land her maternal grandma normally goes into the shrubs and picks out a clump of different foliages. bushs and the dorsum of tree short pantss to boil and either drink or usage in bathing. She mentions how her female parent had told her that it was to cleanse her organic structure and finally assist her grandma with bodily achings. L. T. is optimistic about her freshly gained cognition and greatly appreciates it. admiting that she is pretty certain it would assist her hurt during this clip of unpredictable crisis in her life. She promises to see the promenade in hunt of some aromatherapy emphasis decrease indispensable oils to buy every bit shortly as possible. I educated her on available web sites where she could buy choice indispensable oils. and besides how she can make her ain research online on different aromatherapy merchandises available for emphasis and anxiousness decrease. In decision. it is a proved fact that if used decently aromatherapy does work good with alternate medical specialty and interventions ; it is a confirmed natural redress for emphasis and anxiousness alleviation. Mentions:Fontaine. K. L. ( 2011 ) . Complementary & A ; alternate therapies for nursing pattern. ( 3rd erectile dysfunction. erectile dysfunction. ) . Upper Saddle River. New Jersey: Pearson Education. Schnaubelt. K. ( 2011 ) . The mending intelligence of indispensable oils the scientific discipline of advanced aromatherapy. Rochester. VT: Healing Arts Press.

My Thoughts on Pygmalion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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The word of peace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The word of peace - Essay Example Begin your life pattern by doing things you feel motivated toward, even though they are not important to you at first. In today’s hectic lifestyle, there is no peace of mind and that’s the reason why people though monetarily strong have no peace of mind. What is the main reason behind this? Well, there are two main reasons: unnecessary possessions and unnecessary burdens. And because of these two fundamental reasons, there is no contentment – everyone needs more that what actually is needed. This can be seen in our society, nations and across the world. With time, the negative energy in the universe is increasing and as a result, there is more aggression despite millennia of religion, culture and civilization. Peace among people and nations remains elusive, but for the welfare of our society and for the future of humanity, peace is important and really deserves a chance. Being a social animal, peace is very crucial for us. It teaches us how to get rid of the endless chatter of mind, problems, anxiety, and stress that make us uncomfortable and severely affect our thoughts. Learn the art of living in a state of inner peace and happiness. If you seek peace sincerely, you can definitely find it. However, you need some deep thoughts to bring you to

Response Paper Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Response Paper - Coursework Example Up to date a lot of research still show that railroad transport still remains as an imperative of the growth of many economies for example the when you follow the economic history of the in transport, you find that railroads transport has a lot of influence on the American development since most of the industrial developments, agriculture and even the settlement of the West would have not been possible without it. The problem with the viewpoint is that it gives imperative ideas that only demonstrate the associations that exists between the growth of the railroad network and the growth of the economy but fails to give an establishment of the causal relationship that exist between the railroad and the reorganization of the trade in various regions, the changes that are seen in the structure of the outputs or even other strategic changes that characterize the economy of America such as the rise in the per capita income. It also fails to establish the prima face that justifies the railroad as necessary conditions for any form of developments. The building and construction of such big network of transportation require a large starting capital that may take the form of large volumes of goods such as finances, iron, lumber and even other transport equipment. The particular relevance of the Morris Raphael was not only to the novelty of his viewpoint but on how he summarized the conclusion on for both who lived in the period of railroad revolution and those people who later analyzed it through the lens of past times. It means that it is cheaper to use the railroad means to transport freights that to use the canals or water since railroad can carry five times more than what the canals can carry. Though they provide the same service but railroad provides it at a lower cost to the buyers. The decisive advantage of the railroad over canals and

The war on drugs - argumentative research paper

The war on drugs - argumentative - Research Paper Example Drug wars seek to alleviate the problem, and offer a lasting solution towards drug users through elimination of the sources of drugs throughout the globe. Drug use was prominent in years prior to institution of measures that were assumed to regulate utilization of drugs among the American populace. In earlier years, drugs found numerous applications in production of foods and drinks around America. For instance, Coca-Cola utilized cocaine in drink manufacture until some period in 1903, while opium was utilized for infants with colic and was considered an OTC drug (Toll 427). The other drug that was utilized during this epoch was heroin and found greater appliance as cough depressant. Although people developed dependence on these drugs, alcohol remained the biggest setback yet it has not been contemplated as harmful with respect to other drugs. Various legislative acts were utilized in phasing off drug exploitation within the society, thus indicating commencement of war on drugs. The period when drugs were never regulated showed little discrepancies with regard to utilization of drugs, despite the actuality that drugs are currently regulated. Restrictions on drug use never commenced until the closing stages of 19th century, which led to prologue of various enactment at all levels of government. However, drug trade got these restrictions on racial grounds, since certain races were involved in drug trades around America. The preliminary enactment transpired in 1906, which aimed at directing the cataloging of medications and at the same time, prevent production or delivery of adulterated commodities in trade among states (Toll 427). The enactments progressed throughout the years, since the initial enactment leading to the current struggles towards the alleviation of drug utilization within the societal context. Prologue of Harrison Act served to prohibit drug sales to

Themes Of Landscape And Wilderness In Cinematic Films Essay

Themes Of Landscape And Wilderness In Cinematic Films - Essay Example 2. Examine the scope of landscape and wilderness in films. 3. Highlight the nature of landscape and wilderness as characters within films. Despite the progressive change, which land undergoes, two key predictions can be made about land, especially with regard to the establishment of new landscapes: i.e. landscapes transpire in light of people’s expectations, as well as their previous encounters, or landscapes evolve from a shift in mindset and from a changed connection between the environment, society and self. This means that changes that are embedded on a landscape are not typically similar to changes that are wrought on land. According to Sobieszek, the theme of landscape has undergone a dramatic change since early times, especially between the 1950s and 1980s. It is clear that a relatively new order of landscape has engulfed cinematic films that seem to take hold of the imagination of not only the writer and film director, but the audience, as well. The radical change in the perception of landscape is that from a solid yet permanent view to one that is marred by treachery and transmutation. In essence, differ ent media create new landscapes. For instance, in the film Walkabout of 1971, Roeg offers what can be perceived as a typology that showcases photography of locations such as Australian auk lands in the late 20th century. Roeg embodies a formalist concept by rendering the settings of landscapes devoid of human presence through settings such as deserts, flat horizons, vacant highways and fields (Harper and Rayner, 2010, 71). All these locations convey an essence that is at odds with the echo of Hollywood fictions. This allows films to level the meanings that they are originally meant to convey. Landscape in cinematic films adopts quite a different stance compared to still images, which are frozen depictions of landscape. Landscape in cinematic films incites the feeling of culture and cross-over between popular cinema and photography. Historically, landscape is initially associated with painting, and this is evidenced by the numerous depictions of landscapes in exhibitions and art muse ums around the world. Launched in the seventeenth century, the portrayal of emerging infrastructures of channels, harbours and roads that ran through sheltered country sides illustrates the claim that landscape depiction and description through picture is a product of the shift from feudal to capitalist economies (Harper and Rayner, 2010, 58). This paper argues that landscape facilitates new perceptions and venues of analysis and interpretation of cinematic films. Simply put, landscape emerges when the setting becomes the subject of the cinema rather than an object within the entire cinematic film. When applied to films, landscape enables a variation from plot, characters and psychology towards elements that are rarely taken into account in mainstream film. The main challenge thus becomes the discussion of landscape as a comprehensive expression in its own right, as well as its own agenda in other instances. Landscapes can be appreciated as encompassing numerous interacting ideas, t raditions, as well as inventions rather than something that is either out there or can be fixed on films. This paper will conduct a discussion within the realm of films over the period between the year 1970 and 2009. This is a period marred by a number of uncertainties and upheavals, as well as immense successes in the media industry and especially with regard to films. Through this period, there has been immense focus on film and landscape as avenues of the contested perception of individuals, and how film makers investigate the practices, properties and traditions of global cinema that is

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 36

Personal Statement Example I have now decided to follow my heart and complete my medical program from the University so that I can continue to serve the people who would benefit from my professional expertise. Apart from the objective of ensuring good education for my children, I am a self-driven person who would like to reach the highest level of professional excellence, both in terms of gaining knowledge and attaining high status in society as a medical professional. I would also like to contribute constructively to the society which has been so helpful in my years of adjustment within a new culturally different environment when I had moved from Armenia to America. My American friends and neighbours and my friends from Armenia have always encouraged me to remain optimist. After 14 years of running a restaurant successfully, I now realize that my medical experience needs to be applied for the wider welfare of the society which has given me so much. Thus, I believe that the American degree in medicine would equip with necessary knowledge and skills so that I can re-start my practice as a dentist in America. Throughout my career as a medical professional, I have been proactively involved in the well-being of my patients as well as with the students of medical programs and community groups. I have extensively participated in the medical seminars and conferences which have greatly benefitted students and young medical professionals. I have been invited as guest speakers in many of the conferences organized at the Medical University of Yerevan, Armenia which has also recognized my contribution by awarding me the certificate of ADA (Armenian Dental Association). I have also held educational and clinical seminars for medical students where they got hands-on experience in the clinical setting. The various activities that involved medical fraternity and the

Program Enhancement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Program Enhancement - Essay Example Under this program, young teenagers who have pleaded guilty of minor crimes are taken to a court that is run by teenagers who act as judges, attorneys, and bailiffs. The Teen Court then sets the punishment for the offenders, which include community service, touring a jail, writing apology letters or essay on assigned topics, or attending school regularly (Boys Scout of America, 2010). The Teen Court is effective since it is teenagers who offer judgment and punishment to the offenders. In addition, giving the fact that defendants must also serve in the court as judges, there is less likelihood that they will take part in crime again since they would also have participated in punishing a crime (Boys Scout of America, 2010). In order to enhance the effectiveness of the program, repeat crime either minor or major should warrant for formal prosecution at the juvenile justice system. Secondly, the program should ensure that teenagers who participate in the court proceedings are sourced from other regions so that they remain unknown to the court offenders and hence give an opportunity for fair

The Ethical Dimension of Climate Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Ethical Dimension of Climate Change - Essay Example Climate change manifests in skewed vulnerabilities in terms of contributors, affected nations, repercussions, and pattern (Gardiner & Hartzell-Nichols, 2012). Martin firmly believes that the current generation holds the solution to the climate change problem, especially when it comes to ecological and generational justice. He states that all nations have the moral responsibility of protecting the earth through formulating international policies. He states so because any nation that contributes to climate change breaches some standards of responsibility and fairness that spanning generations and nations. In this regard, Martin asserts that the world, particularly developed nations, ought to inculcate responsibility and fairness as serious ethical concerns in climate change. Gardiner,  S.  M.  &  Hartzell-Nichols,  L.  (2012). Ethics and Global Climate Change. Nature Education Knowledge, 3(10), 5. Retrieved from

Freud vs. Jung Essay Example for Free

Freud vs. Jung Essay Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung: similarities and differences in dream analysis Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung are two renowned psychoanalysts who contributed great work to the interpretation of dreams. Carl Jung began as a student of Sigmund Freud, but upon their first interactions he had doubts about the basis of Freud’s work stemming from a purely sexual nature and leading to his sexual (McGowan, 1994). Jung was greatly influenced by Freud’s dream work involving the resistance of interpretation of dreams, and used this basis of knowledge to help create his own theory regarding dream interpretation. Freud and Jung’s dream interpretations took different approaches as to the underlying cause of dream or the intended purpose of the dream: finality and the collective unconscious versus causality and they also used any acquired information in the interpretation differently. Freud’s dream analysis and interpretation focused gravely on wish-fulfillment and Jung’s interpretation focused on searching for solutions from within the dream. Although their dream interpretations vary, they did share two major similarities in their work: the value and benefits of dream interpretation in therapy and the importance of the patient-therapist relationship. ?Freud placed sexuality at the core of human beings and made use of the human eros to shape the format of conversation where we would reach out beyond and attempt to change even the most fixed structures of our psyche, because even though we have our own ways of changing in response to certain conversations, we tend to view the world in a relatively constant sense. He called this conversation psychoanalytic (Lear, 2005). Freud believed that dreams point beyond their superficial meaning to reveal sources of desire deep within the dreamer. He attempted to formulate a systematic method of uncovering hidden meanings of dreams which not only enables us to understand them but to do something about them (Lear, 2005). In order to completely understand the meaning of a dream it is essential to understand the manifest and latent content of the dream and how that content is related in regards to the dreamer. The manifest content is what the dreamer remembers upon waking up and is the surface meaning of the dream. Freud also regards the manifest content as an answer on internal stimuli. The latent content of the dream is the hidden meaning of the dream (Lear, 2005). Dream-work is the process by which the dream is put together and if the understanding of a dream is going to potentially be therapeutic then it cannot be just a theoretical understanding of how the dream was constructed. It must be a practical understanding of the dream as it extends itself into the waking life (Lear, 2005). Freud also introduced the concept of dream censorship which refers to a process of disguise and distortion of things within the dream that are viewed as painful or otherwise seen unacceptable to the dreamer. Resistance arises due to the dreamer’s censorship which preserves the deformed dreams even once the dreamer wakes up. Resistance also occurs when a dreamer has parts missing or they cannot or will not remember certain parts of their dream. This resistance is a sign that a conflict is present and wants to be expressed. Freud also believed that dreams are a way to obtain wish fulfillment, usually that of suppressed sexual wishes. These wishes are internal stimuli that become a visual hallucinatory fulfillment within the dream. The dream activity is not just an expression of a wish, but it is also gratification (Lear, 2005). Freud used three principles when interpreting dreams. The first principle states that the dream interpretation must take the context of the dreamer’s life into account which includes consideration of the content of the dream, characteristic and circumstances of the dreamer and how the content fits into the overall life of the dreamer (Lear, 2005). The second principle states that the dream interpretation must be holistic which means that analyses of individual parts of the dream must be interpreted as they relate to the dream as a whole. For example, dreaming of something as specific as falling, going bald, etc. will not always mean the same thing because they are not fixed symbols and individual meaning will greatly depend on the dreamer (Lear, 2005). Finally, the third principle states that the ultimate authority of the meaning of a dream is the dreamer. The meaning of the dream should be given by the dreamer and the process of discovering the meaning should only be facilitated so the dreamer is able to determine the meaning of the dream for their self (Lear, 2005). These three principles display the notion that Freud was not only concerned with the interpretation of dreams, but the self-interpretation by the dreamer. The dreamer must say what their dream meant and do so by explaining how the dream fits into their lives as a whole and why it matters (Lear, 2005). Jung called the relationship between the unconscious and conscious the collective unconscious. He believed that the role of the unconscious is to act compensatorily to the conscious contents of the moment. The conscious acts rationally and it’s compensated by an irrational unconscious, but the rational attitude is not natural for the mind. If the mind is forced for too long to act rationally, it eventually gives way and the unconscious contents are able to get back into the conscious. There are two types of contents in the unconscious: personal unconscious contents which include painful thoughts, unpleasant memories and undesirable personality traits of which a person prefers not to remember. Jung viewed these problems of the personal unconscious as a distraction from the true conflict. The second type of unconscious is the collective unconscious which contains all of the legends and myths of human kind as well as the inherited and ominous. Dreams and fantasies are filled with â€Å"primary propensities of forms of thought and feeling and everything about which men are universally agreed or which is universally understood, said, or done (McGowan, 1994). Dreams present messages of symbols and warnings from the collective unconscious attempting to reach consciousness. Jung believed that dreams reflect the dreamer’s life situation until the dreamer decides to become concerned with it. According to Jung, the initial dream which occurs the night before therapy is thought to have significance because the act of attending therapy can produce a strong impulse for the appearance of the dreamer’s conflict and can even provide solutions for the conflict, possible obstacles, and even a final result. He placed special importance on the repetition of certain dreams, especially those in which the dreamer deals with the same conflict but from different perspectives. The sequence of events in the dream is also important in understanding the meaning of the dream. Jung developed a theory on the structure of dreams and most importantly is the end of the dream because the dreamer is unable to consciously influence the outcome or change the end of the dream and thus reflect real situations. Jung believed in two kinds of dreams which were classified based on the information presented initially by the dreamer: favorable which offered the best solutions to solving conflicts and unfavorable which were viewed as a warning sign (McGowan, 1994). Both Freud and Jung believed that there was value in discussing and determining the role of dreams in therapy. Jung believed that dreams illustrated a specific problem of the dreamer and also solutions to resolve the problem. They both agreed that dreams are a way of expressing a conflict for the dreamer. Freud believed that the manifest content of the dream was a way to answer the desire of the internal stimulus and Jung believed that dreams warn dreamers about internal processes that may be neglected during conscious thought. The analyst’s purpose is to help the dreamer find the internal conflict that led to the manifestation of the dream, as well as to help the dreamer aware of the conflict and recognize any significance to their life. Freud and Jung agreed that there is significance in the patient-therapist relationship and therefore the impact on the interpretation of dreams. They agreed that in order for a dream interpretation to take place the dreamer but provide their full cooperation, actively participate, and hold nothing back (Lear, 2005). Although Jung was a student of Freud, he influenced Freud’s dream analysis based on his associations experiment. Jung proved that a dreamer’s associations which are any ideas that the dreamer thinks of when describing certain parts of the dream are essential to understanding the underlying content of the dream. In order to correctly interpret a dream Jung believed the analyst must know the dreamer’s current situation in life and Freud believed it was necessary to evaluate the dreamer’s psychological background. Although, they may have used different words to describe essentially the same thing, they agreed that once the analyst has determined a potential meaning for the dream they must also determine its relativity and connectedness to the dreamer’s life. Ultimately, Freud and Jung believed that there was significance to the interpretation of dreams in therapy due to the belief that dreams are a representation of conflicts and also the importance of evaluating a dreamer’s associations to determine the underlying meaning of the dream (Lear, 2005). While Freud and Jung had similarities in their dream analysis, they too had many differences. Freud’s interpretation of dreams focused on what the underlying cause of the dream was and that dreams are a representative way of acting on internal stimuli which represented unsatisfied wishes (Lear, 2005). Jung was not concerned with the causality of dreams but the purpose of dreams and their intended effects on the dreamer. He interpreted dreams based on his belief in the second type of unconscious content: the collective unconscious which stated that all dreams essentially have fundamental meanings or certain characteristics for common reactions to situations. For example, someone who lost someone close to them who displays their grief openly has a fundamental meaning that causes others to express pity for them. Jung also believed that dreams presented a parallel to the conscious in that it is nearly impossible to think of anything else when dealing with a conflict and searching for a solution and that dreams allow this process to continue automatically (McGowan, 1994). Another major difference between Freud and Jung was how they used information gathered during the interpretation of dreams. Freud viewed dreams in the sense that they represented a conflict, or suppressed unsatisfied wish that needed to be answered whereas Jung’s focus was on searching for solutions to conflicts that were already expressed within the dream. Despite their differences in theory and interpretation of certain aspects of dreams, both Freud and Jung were able to make great strides in their works with dream analysts and leave behind invaluable information for other psychoanalysts to grow and develop from. Their continual placement of high importance on the patient-therapist relationship and the value of dreams in therapy have continued to be of importance to those who have studied their methods. Their differences in approach to determining the cause and or purpose of the dream and the acquisition of information interpretation layed the foundation for other psychoanalysts to explore, expand, and dispute their theories, thus furthering the APA’s body of knowledge regarding dream analyst. References Lear, J. (2005). Freud. (pp. 18-19, 90-115). New York City, NY: Routledge Publishers. McGowan, D. (1994). What is wrong with Jung. Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books.

Compare and contrast the presentation Essay Example for Free

Compare and contrast the presentation Essay In both 1984 and The Handmaids Tale the past is constantly being made aware by the main characters in the novels, Winston and Offred. They struggle to live with the memories of the past, significant change since and their life compared to then and now. However Winston and Offred have different degrees in remembering the past, this is displayed through different techniques and language used. Winston uses dreams in 1984 to sub-consciously remember his past, he can picture particular imagery in his dreams, Winston remembered especially the very thin soles of his fathers shoes. But cannot remember what exactly happened to his mother, father and sister. We do not know if they were killed or taken away, when his mother had disappeared. The use of the word disappeared leaves not only us but Winston in limbo as to what happened to his family, it is distressing for Winston to not know exactly how or if they were killed. In his dreams Winston also appears to know that his sister and mother both sacrificed their lives for him but cannot remember exactly how and this guilt plagues him, His mothers memory tore at his heart because she had died loving him, when he was too young and selfish to love her in return The chance he had to acknowledge this selfless act has been taken away from him and could explain why he wants to know more of the past but is unable to do so in the society he lives in. However, the dreams Winston has are not always as troubling as the one above from this dream. Directly from the dream mentioned above he is, standing on short springy turf, on a summer evening when the slanting rays of the sun gilded the ground. This dream is much more pleasant than the other, with the imagery of a summer evening and the sun providing a short break from the bleakness in Oceania. This dream is still problematic for Winston however, he does not know if it was a real event or a dream. Ironically, the knowledge of the past Winston desires for he spends destroying and re-touching in his job. He is a clerk for the Ministry of Truth, where his job is to rewrite historical documents so that they match the current party line, this involves re-writing newspaper articles and re-touching photos. He who controls the past, controls the future. This is a party slogan and is one of the most poignant quotes, Winston does just this daily yet doesnt want to. Offreds past is constantly present throughout HMT and is used through the technique stream of consciousness. She connects things that she sees or smells in present day to those of the past and very early on in the novel she talks of her garden, I once had a garden. I can remember the smell of the turned earth, the plump shapes of bulbs held in the hands This is in contrast to Winstons past as she is sure of what hers is; the potent imagery used takes Offred back into her past and disconnects her from the present something which she desires frequently. Offred also thinks of her past with Luke and her child, these fond memories also remind her of how she took life for granted, How were we to know we were happy? Offred now craves even the simplest material things, she feels she has wasted her time in places e. g. hotel rooms and not even taken notice of the di cor, things to entertain her mind. Her regret of taking things for granted is often mentioned in the novel through things we often taken for granted to, The smell of nail polish has made me hungry. A simple cosmetic is now forbidden in her society yet she, and we, use it on a daily basis and have a readily supply. In both novels there are material objects which act as motifs and symbols of the past for Offred and Winston. In HMT Offred is given magazines from the past, by the Commander, which are now forbidden in Gilead, I wanted it with a force that made the ends of my fingers ache. This is again another example of the regret Offred has for not appreciating the little things she had in the past, and also an example of an object from the past which Offred would have read regularly but has no access to. In this instance another character is also affected by the past, the Commander. Some of us, he said, retain an appreciation for the old things. The Commander should not like the way women were in the past, he is part of the patriarchal group that set up Gilead in the first place to prevent women from having careers and being their own person. Yet he also has a love for the past, like Winston. He enjoyed women being women, looking feminine. The material object used to represent the past in 1984 has a more influential placing in the novel. A paperweight, bought in the prole district by Winston, is his way of trying to rekindle his connection with the past. Thats what I like about it. Its a little chunk of history that theyve forgotten to alter. Its a message from a hundred years ago, if one knew how to read it Symbolically, when Winston is arrested by the Thought Police the paperweight is smashed into tiny little pieces. This foreshadows later events when Winston is actually tortured into believing the same way as the party, and forgetting his urge to know more of the past. In conclusion the past in both 1984 and HMT are represented through dreams and flashbacks for both the main characters. This representation is seen constantly throughout the novel and we are reminded that the past holds memories, however minor, for both characters. Both Winston and Offred have lost the past and seem unable to get it back, even though they long for it.

RP-HPLC-UV Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Ceftriaxone

RP-HPLC-UV Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Ceftriaxone A Validated RP-HPLC-UV method for Simultaneous estimation of Ceftriaxone and Sulbactum in Rat Plasma ABSTRACT: A reverse phase-liquid chromatographic method with UV detection is developed for simultaneous estimation of ceftriaxone sodium and sulbactam sodium in rat plasma. Drugs were extracted from blank plasma by simple protein precipitation technique. Chromatographic separation of these two drugs was done on Phenomenex C18 column (250mm X 4.6mm, i.d, 5ÃŽ ¼m) by using mobile phase consisting of 10mM potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer (pH- 5) and acetonitrile (90:10 % v/v). The developed RP-HPLC method had the acceptable symmetrical peaks good resolution and drugs were eluted with good retention time. The developed bio-analytical method was Linear, precise, and accurate with the concentration range of 20-150 ÃŽ ¼g mL-1 for ceftriaxone and 10-75 ÃŽ ¼g mL-1 for sulbactam. From the developed method we can moniter ceftriaxone and sulbactam sodium concentrations in rat plasma. Keywords: Ceftriaxone sodium, Sulbactam sodium, Liquid chromatography, Rat plasma INTRODUCTION Ceftriaxone[1] (CFX) is a third generation cephalosporin. Chemically it is (6R,7R)-7-{2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-(Z)-2- [methoxyiminuteo-acetamido]-3{[(2,5-dihydro-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-as-triazin-3-yl)thio]methyl}-8-oxo-5-thia-l-azobicyclo [4,2,0] oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid. Sulbactam (SBM) chemically (2S,5R)-3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1- azabicyclo[3.2.0] heptane -2-carboxylic acid 4,4-dioxide is used as a beta-lactamase inhibitor. Structural formulae of CFX and SBM are given in Fig.1. These drugs are frequently associated in pharmaceutical formulations against meningitis, typhoid, gonorrhoea and urinary tract infections [2]. Sulbactomax is a commercially available pharmaceutical product containing SBM and CFX. The product is available as a dry powder for injection. The product is supplied in different strengths (250 mg+125 mg, 500mg+250 mg, 1gm+0.5gm, 2gm+1gm) of CFX and SBM respectively. Fig.1.Chemical structure of CFX and SBM Sulbactomax is a synergistic antimicrobial mixture with clear in vitro antibacterial activity against a wide spectrum of organisms. SBM not only increases the antibacterial activity of CFX but also shows a moderate antibacterial activity by forming a protein complex with beta-lactamas by irreversibly blockin their destructive hydrolytic activity. Thus, SBM increases the spectrum of activity of CFX. This SBM also binds with some penicillin binding proteins, sensitive strains are often considered more susceptible to the Sulbactomax than CFX alone. In bacterial strains that produce either low amounts of beta lactamase, or none at all, a synergistic effect is witnessed when SBM is associated with CFX that has a complementary affinity for the target sites. Sulbactomax has good active against all the microorganisms which are sensitive/resistant to CFX. Further, it also demonstrates synergistic activity (decrease in minimum inhibitory concentrations for the combination versus those of each component) in a variety of organisms. So it has improved efficacy as compared to CFX alone, lesser side effects, wider spectrum coverage and better results of bacterial MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) makes this product unique in the world. A literature survey revealed a spectrophotometric [3], spectrofluorimetric in human plasma [4], HPLC for the estimation of marketed formulations [5,6], in human plasma [7] and for the determination of pharmacokinetics in dogs [8], capillary electrophoresis [9] and GC-MS [10] methods for the estimation of CFX and SBM individually and in combined forms. However, from the literature survey there was no method development reported for the simultaneous estimation of CFX and SBM by HPLC in rat plasma. The present communication describes an isocratic liquid chromatography (LC) method for simultaneous determination of CFX sodium and SBM, which can be used for the quality control of the formulation developed and other biological applications. Experimental Chemicals and Reagents All chemicals and reagents used were of analytical grade only. Milli-Q-water was used throughout the process and acetonitrile of HPLC grade were procured from Merck Chemical Laboratories, Bangalore, India. Commercial formulation, CetriaxS injection containing ceftriaxone sodium 1gm and sulbactam sodium 0.5 gm were obtained from the local market. Blank rat plasma was obtained from JSS Medical College and Hospital, Mysore, India. Instrumentation and Analytical Conditions A HPLC with the UV detector was used for this research work. Here the separation was done using Phenomenex C-18 column. The mobile phase was a mixture of phosphate Buffer (pH adjusted to 5 with potassium hydroxide) and acetonitrile (90:10) v/v. The mobile phase was filtered through 0.45 ÃŽ ¼ membrane filter before its use, degassed with a helium sparge for 15min at flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1. The column was maintained at room temperature 20 ±100C. The injection volume of samples was 10 ÃŽ ¼L. The analyte was monitored at wavelength of 230 nm and optimized chromatographic conditions are shown in Table-1. 2.3.Preparation of mobile phase: Phosphate buffer of pH 5 was prepared by dissolving 1.36 gm ofPotassiumdihydrogenorthophosphate in 1000 mL of water and it was sonicated for 5 minutes, then the pH was adjusted using potassium hydroxide solution. It was than filtered by vaccum filteration. Finally the mobile phase was prepared by mixing phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio 90:10v/v. 2.4.Preparation of standard and sample solution SeparatelyweighedquantityofCFXsodium(10mg)andSBMsodium (10mg)was transferred into a 100mL volumetricflaskandmadeupto100mLwithwatertoget100  µg mL-1 ofCFXsodiumand100  µg mL-1 ofSBM. From this, different solutions containing the mixture of CFXsodium(20-150  µg mL-1) and SBMsodium(10-75  µg mL-1) were prepared. For the preparation of sample solution, Cetriax-Spowder for injection(containing1gmof CFXand0.5gmof SBM)was transferred to a 100 mL volumetric flask. Distilled water was added, and then swirled to dissolve it, diluted to 100 mL with the same solvent. 2.5.Preparation of calibration curve: Five different concentrated solutions containing mixture of CFX (20-150  µg mL-1) and SBM (10-75  µg mL-1) were injected onto HPLC. A calibration curve was prepared taking concentrations on X-axis and Peak Area on Y-Axis. 2.6.Preparation of plasma samples: Plasma samples of CFX and SBM was prepared by the protein precipitation method. A blank was prepared by taking 0.1mL of rat plasma and to this 1.9 mL of acetonitrile was added and sample was prepared by taking 0.1 mL of combination of CFX and SBM (which were mixed in equal volumes) and 0.1 mL of rat plasma was added to the 2 mL Eppendorf tubes containing 1.8 mL of acetonitrile. These samples were centrifuged for 10 min at 10,000 rpm. The supernatant solution filtered through 0.45 µ syringe filter and transferred to HPLC vials. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Method Development Taking into consideration, the instability of CFX and SBM in strong alkaline and strong acidic condition, the pH value of the mobile phase should be limited within the range of 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 7, since mild acidic pH favours the retention and separation of two drugs on Cà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 18 column. After few trials, phosphate buffer with pH 5 was finalized. The method development started with the methanol and phosphate buffer as drugs did not elute in this mobile phase, so the organic phase was altered from methanol to acetonitrile. Both CFX and SBM in the mobile phase have no significant UV maximum, the wavelength of 230 nm was employed for the detection. After few trails Phenomenex C-18 column and binary mixture of phosphate buffer (pH 5) and acetonitrile (90:10 % v/v) was optimized as mobile phase which produced symmetric peak shape, good resolution and reasonable retention time for both the drugs (Table 1). The retention times of CFX and SBM for six repetitions were found to be 7.8  ± 0.02 min and 4.7  ± 0.006 respectively (Fig.2). (a) (b) Fig.2. LC chromatogram of rat blank plasma (a) plasma spiked with standard CFX and SBM(b) Table 1. Optimized chromatographic conditions Parameter Optimized condition Chromatograph HPLC with UV- detector Column C18 Column Mobile Phase Acetonitrile and pH-5 buffer in the ratio of 10:90(v/v) Flow rate 1.00 mL min-1 Detection 230nm Injection volume 10 ÃŽ ¼L Temperature column Room temperature 3.2.Method validation Validation is a process of establishing documented evidence, which offers a high degree of assurance that a specific activity will steadily yield anticipated result or product meeting its predetermined specifications and quality features [11]. The method was validated for different parameters like linearity, precision, recovery, accuracy, selectivity and sensitivity [12]. 3.2.1Selectivity Selectivity is defined as, the capability of an analytical method to distinguish and measure the analyte in the presence of other components in the sample [12]†. Selectivity is calculated by injecting extracted blank plasma and relating with the response of extracted LLOQ samples. Both the peaks of Ceftriaxone and Sulbactum did not interfere with any endogenous components. 3.2.2Sensitivity Sensitivity is measured using Lower Limit of Quantification (LLOQ). LLOQ is the lowest concentration of the standard curve that can be measured with acceptable accuracy and precision [12]†. The LLOQ was established using five samples independent of standards and determined the co-efficient of variation and appropriate confidence interval. 3.2.3.Linearity of Response To demonstrate the linearity of response, series of solutions ranging from (20-150  µg mL-1) of CFX and SBM of (10-75  µg mL-1) were prepared and injected onto the HPLC system following the described conditions. The graph was constructed between concentration vs. peak area and it was found that correlation co-efficient and regression analysis were within the limits and the results are summarized in the Table 2, and the calibration graphs are shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 for CFX and SBM respectively. Fig.3. Calibration graph of CFX Fig.4. Calibration graph of SBM Table 2. Linearity of CFX and SBM Parameters CFX SBM Retention time (min) 7.3 4.6 Linear range (ppm) [n=6] ( µg mL-1) 20-150 10-75 Correlation coefficient (r2) 0.996 0.997 Slope 1513.1 155.58 Intercept 272333 61596 Lowest limit of quatification LLOQ ( µg mL-1) 0.87 0.96 3.2.4.Recovery â€Å"The recovery of an analyte is the detector response achieved from an quantity of the analyte added to and extracted from the biological matrix, correlated to the detector response found for the true concentration of the pure authentic standard†[12]. â€Å"Recovery of the analyte is not necessary be 100%† [12]. This experiments were performed by comparing the analytical results for extracted samples at three different concentrations (low, medium, and high) with unextracted standards that represent 100% recovery. Results are summarised in Table 3. Table 3. Recovery studies of CFX sodium and SBM Concentration of CFX and sulbactam Amount recovered% for CFX Amount recovered% for SBM Low 98.7% 99.9% Medium 96.8% 98.9% High 99.3% 98.6% 3.2.5.Accuracy and Precision For validation of this bioanalytical method, precision and accuracy should be determined using minimum of five determinations per concentration level (excluding blank samples). The mean value should be within  ± 15% of the theoretical value, except at LLOQ, where it must not differ by more than  ± 20%. The accuracy and precision around the mean value should not be beyond 15% of the CV except for LLOQ, where it should not exceed by 20% of the CV. The accuracy of the analytical method defines the closeness of agreement between the test value and the reference value. The precision of the analytical method describes the closeness of frequent individual measures of analyte. Accuracy is expressed in terms of % obtained. Precision is expressed in terms of coefficient of variation (CV). The statistical method for determination of the accuracy and precision should be predefined and calculated according standard practise. Accuracy and Precision should be demonstrated for the low, medium, high and LLOQ QC samples, within a single run and between different runs results are summarised in Table 4 5. % CV (precision) =100 x Standard deviation/Mean Table 4. Accuracy and Precision of CFX Theoretical concentration ( µg/mL) Measured concentration ( µg/mL) Intra-day Inter-day %CV Accuracy (%) %CV Accuracy (%) 20 0.98 98.4 1.42 96.1 100 0.76 103.7 1.32 102.3 150 1.34 99.5 1.7 98.7 Table 5. Accuracy and Precision of SLB Theoretical concentration  µg mL-1 Measured concentration ( µg mL-1) Intra-day Inter-day %CV Accuracy (%) %CV Accuracy (%) 10 0.96 101.7 0.76 95.6 50 1.00 99.8 1.2 103.4 75 1.02 97.3 1.04 97.4 3.2.6.Stability studies Freeze and Thaw Stability Stability of analyte was determined with three freeze and thaw cycles. All the three aliquots at low, medium and high concentrations were stored at the proposed storage temperature for 24 hours and defrosted unassisted at room temperature. When completely thawed, the samples were again frozen for 12 to 24 hours under the same conditions. The same cycle was repeated two more times, and then analyzed after the third cycle. Short-Term Temperature Stability Three aliquots of low, medium and high concentrations were thawed at room temperature and at this temperature sample was kept from 4 to 24 hours and analyzed. Long-Term Stability The storage time in a long-term stability assessment should surpass the time between the date of first sample collection and the date of last sample analysis. Long-term stability was determined by storing three aliquots of the low, medium and high concentrations under the same conditions as that of the study samples. The concentrations of all the stability samples were related to the mean of back-calculated values for the standards at the suitable concentrations from the first day of long-term stability testing. Stock Solution Stability The stability of stock solutions of drug was estimated at room temperature for 6 hours. After the desired storage time, the stability was confirmed by comparing the instrument response with that of newly prepared solutions Results are summarised in Table 6. Table 6. Stability studies of CFX and SBM Stability  µg mL-1 (error %) CFX  µg mL-1 (error %) SBM 20 100 150 10 50 75 Freeze-thaw 84.5 93.3 94.9 88.5 96.3 97.9 Long term 100.5 100.6 100.8 100.5 101.6 100.8 Short term 93.9 97.6 101.4 93.9 93.6 103.4 Stock Solution 95.6 97.6 93.2 95.3 96.8 98.5 SUMMARY In this work, a simple, stability indicating, accurate and validated stability indicating HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of ceftriaxone and sulbactam in their pharmaceutical formulation was developed. The method was validated according to FDA guidelines. CFX and SBM were eluted at 7.3 min and 4.6 min respectively. The correlation coefficient (r2) for CFX and SBM were found to be 0.996 and 0.9976 respectively. Lower Limit of quantification (LLOQ) was found to be 0.87  µg mL-1 for ceftriaxone and 0.96  µg mL-1 for sulbactam. The %CV for the intraday and interday precision were found to be CONCLUSION The method includes simple and precise method for simultaneous determination of CFX sodium and SBM. It produces symmetrical peak shape, good resolution and reasonable  retention time for both drugs. So this method can be appropriate for the   simultaneous estimation of CFX sodium and SBM in quality control studies for routine analysis. AKNOWLEDGMENT The authors are thankful to The Principal, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS University, Mysore for providing all necessary facilities to carry out the research. The authors are also thankful to Strides Arco labs, Bangalore for providing the pure salbactum sodium and ceftriaxone sodium as gift samples. References Rang HP, Dale MM (1993). Pharmacology, (2nd ed.). Churchill Livingstone, ELBS. Physicians Desk Reference (1997). American Academy of Physician Assistants (51th ed). Patel FM, Dave JB , Patel CN, spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous estimation of cefuroxime sodium and sulbactam sodium in injecton, International journal of pharmaceutical sciences and research.2012; 3(9), 3513-3517. Jasmin Shah,Rasul Jan M,Sultan Shah,Naeem M, Spectrofluorimetric Protocol for Ceftriaxone in Commercial Formulation and Human Plasma After Condensation with Formaldehyde and Ethyl Acetoacetate, Journal of Fluorescence.2011; 21(6), 2155-2163. Shrivastava SM, Singh R, Ariq A, Siddiqui MR, Yadav J, Negi PS, Chaudhary M, A novel high performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of ceftriaxone and sulbactam in sulbactomax, Inter Journal of Biomed Sci. 2009; 5(1), 37-43. Durairaj S, Annadurai T, Palani Kumar B, Arunkumar S, Simultaneous Estimation of Ceftriaxone Sodium and Sulbactam Sodium using Multi-Component Mode of Analysis, Inter Journal of ChemTech Research. 2010; 2(4), 2177-2181. Huang Ying, Liang Maozhi, Yu Qin, Jiang Lei,Shi Yingkang, Determination of ceftriaxone in human plasma by HPLC, Chinease Journal of Antibiotics.2000; 25,109. Zhao Xi, Zhang Dan, Chen Hong, Determination of cefotaxime/sulbactam in plasma and pharmacokinetics in dogs by high performance liquid chromatography. Zhongguo Kangshengsu Zazhi. 2004; 29(10): 614-616. Jelinek I, Krejcirova H, Dohan J, Roubal Z, Determination of sulbactam in human serum using capillary electrophoresis,Cesk Farm.1990; 39,305–307. Foulds G, Gans DJ, Girard D, Whall TJ, Assays of sulbactam in the presence of ampicillin.Therm Drug Monit.1986;2,223–237. Lloyd RS, Joseph JK, Joseph LG (1997). Practical HPLC Method Development (2ndedition) New York: Wiley-Blackwell. FDAUS. Guidance for Industry: Bioanalytical Method Validation. Rockville, MD, USA: US Department of Health and human services, US FDA/Center for Drug Evaluation and Research; 2001.

krista bradford :: essays research papers

People running around with underwear on their head, a fake suicide over the Niagara Falls, forest rangers who are positive they seen Bigfoot, and sheriffs who make x-rated videos on a rented video camera and forget to take the tape out. These are some of the wacky stories Krista Bradford experiences during her career as an anchor on tabloid television. She tries to convince the reader that TV tabloids are trashy in the article â€Å"The Big Sleaze published in Rolling Stone magazine in 1993.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bradford writes the article in a unique fashion. She writes it as a story. Everything in the article is an experience, which make this article more interesting and convincing. Her first an anchor job was at the age of 18, she was an intern for Joan Lunden at KCRA-TV in Sacramento, California. She lost that job 10 years later so she met with Peter Brennan, the producer of A Current Affair, and he gave Bradford a job as an anchor. 6 months later they wanted her to portray a bimbo rape victim in a reenactment. She refused and went on with her life. After she was done at A Current Affair, she worked at The Reporters. She ended her career with a show hosted by Geraldo Rivera named Now It Can Be Told. She worked in tabloid TV for five years and has a lot of experience with it and that helps to make this article convincing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bradford is very negative towards television tabloids. Her tone towards everything in the article is strong and negative. She uses profane and Informal language, like tits-and-ass raunchiness and rubbernecking at the oddities of American life. Her language has a lot of trashiness to it. She also says TV tabloids do not mature the mind, they mutate it. In the article, Bradford doesn’t make the mistake on using too big of words. She uses words that everyone can understand, not just her colleagues. For instance, she uses the word â€Å"bigwigs,† basically everyone knows what that word means. She also uses the phrase â€Å"Joe six-pack.† A lot of what has to do with articles are the race of a person their attractive ness and their sexual orientation. The truth is TV tabloids discriminate against people of different race, gays, and unattractive women. They also use racial slurs and that will upset a lot of people. These are some of the negative points she uses against tabloid television.

Internet Censorship - Just Say No Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive To

Internet Censorship: Just Say No    In December of 1994, a young college student named Jake Baker posted one of his fiction pieces in an alt.sex newsgroup. Usually, his contributions to this widely-read site consisted of short stories about rape, torture, and murder of women. In this particular newsgroup post, he continued with his usual contributions; however, he took it a bit further by writing about one of his fellow classmates, using her name and identity in the piece. Faculty members at the University of Michigan discovered his story and later expelled him from school. Federal agents then raided his house, arrested him, and discovered copies of e-mail Baker had exchanged with a Canadian, mapping out his and the Canadian's plan to meet in Ann Arbor the following summer to commit rapes and murders together. Baker was indicted in federal court for threatening his classmate, but the indictment was later revised to drop the charges based on the newsgroup posting and to rely on the threats to unspecified "victims" made in the e-mails Baker exchanged with the Canadian. Late in June, a federal judge dismissed charges against Baker, holding that his acts were not a federal crime (http://www.spectacle.org/). Now, four years later, the questions still remain: Did Baker cross the line when he used the victim's name and personal description? Did he violate the free speech/free press rights? Did Baker abuse his posting privileges, and did he commit a crime via the Internet? My answer is no, that his newsgroup posts didn't constitute a real threat. Baker may have written hard-core pornography and offensively viscious articles, but he had the freedom to do so. Many would disagree with me, arguing that Baker was way out of line when ... ...the Internet: Allow people to publish their own work on the Internet and in newsgroup posts. Don't try to regulate something that's almost impossible to regulate. And if you're a concerned parent, get Surfwatch or some other kind of Netfiltering program -- it's up to you to protect your own child's innocence. If you're offended by something you read on the Internet, keep going and don't look back. And finally, I'd leave the person with a statement that I read on the Internet itself: "Censor yourself, not others....The internet is the largest gathering of human beings ever assembled....One of the ground rules is that there is No-One-In-Charge, which means there is no censorship....This freedom is the prime reason that the Internet has become so important and why there are so many diverse resources" (http://www.trifectanet.com/safety.html). What a powerful statement.

Mass Media’s Undermining of Societal Values During Health Care Reform E

Mass Media’s Undermining of Societal Values During Health Care Reform There is little doubt that three years ago the American people wanted health care reform. News media saw the controversy over health care reform as a strong issue to discuss in their productions, and most fulfilled their responsibility as an information medium: to provide equal opportunity for both sides of this debate to reveal the benefits of their plans and the drawbacks of their opponents’. However, when interest groups became involved in this dispute, advertising their own beliefs against the Clinton Health Care Reform Plan, they manipulated the public by using scare tactics. News media incorporated these ads in their coverage of the benefits and drawbacks of the proposed changes and the present system. The American public persuaded Congress to kill any effort by the Clinton Administration to universalize health care because of the interest groups’ advertisements and the news media’s emphasis on the accuracy of the messages displayed in these ads. The lack of support for health care reform was because of the fear and confusion the news media created. In this paper I will argue that mass media’s exposing the American Public to interest groups advertisements and the news media’s analyzing these advertisements in their health care reform reports reinforced the interest groups messages. This reinforcement led media to acknowledge the interest groups basis for disagreement over and the flaws of health care reform. The disagreement over and flaws of health care reform eventually led to the downfall of this initiative and of society’s valuing improvements in health care. News media undermined societal values by ignoring how health care reform... ... they rejected health care reform, and ignored mass media’s attention to health care reform. Otherwise, society would have had what it wanted: universal health care and an news medium respecting, not scaring its audience out of wise and beneficial decisions. Page 8 Works Cited Page Beck, Melinda. â€Å"Rationing Health Care† Newsweek 27 June 1994: 30. â€Å"Bureaucats† Coalition For Health Insurance 24 June 1994. â€Å"Changes Alternate # 2† Health Insurance Association of America 24 June 1994. â€Å"Defuse Health Care Bill.† The Arizona Republic 18 July 1994: 2. Greenwald, John. â€Å"OUCH! Which Hurts More, The Shot Or The Bill?† Time 8 March 1993: 53-55. Reich, Robert F. â€Å"National Health Care Reform: Comparing Four Alternative Plans.† Illinois Business Review 22 March 1994: 3. Wright, Robert. â€Å"The Technology Time Bomb.† The New Republic 29 March 1993: 25-30.

Smartphones Are an Essential Part of Society

Smartphones are an Essential Part of Society Smartphones are helping people to be more efficient, but with some side effects. â€Å"Many colleges and universities are further pushing the boundaries of services that can be delivered on smartphones† (Gordon 2007). Even though smartphones are making the human race complacent and dependent, these mobile devices are useful tools because they make life easy and keep one organized in a fast-paced world. â€Å"Wake Forest has a MobileU (mobileu. wfu. du) pilot program focusing on mobile messaging, mobile access to information such as calendars, campus announcements, and real-time location of the campus shuttle bus† (Gordon 2007). If one were to only read, the Korean Herald, one would believe that everybody who has a smartphone; does not like to get out of their pajamas or leave the house. â€Å"The smart device boom may be a blessing for many who now have instant access to everything from emails to the nearest restaurant servi ng their favorite foods, but smart products also are making electronics companies increasingly lazy† (Herald 2011).Another example that shows that smartphones are making people lazy and too dependent is stated in, †The trend is partly blamed on technology making it easier for lazy staff to email a colleague rather than walk over to see them† (Express 2012). Smartphones are making people lazy and too dependent; they are useful tools because phones make a person’s life easier.For example, sending an Army SPOT Report message, a concise narrative report of essential information covering tactical events or conditions, requires a soldier to first enter a 12-digit date-time group and a six-digit grid coordinate, a task that takes up time in a critical situation. Smartphones, which have their own built-in clocks and Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, automatically populate those fields in the SPOT Reports and other Army messages that require a time stamp and precise location information (Brewin 2011).Another example that shows that smartphones make a person’s life easier is â€Å"Connecting Soldiers application will help soldiers communicate in languages other than English, McCarthy said, outputting translation audibly through the smartphone speaker and by text on its screen. The project already has an Arabic language application, and he would like to find an affordable application that can translate Pashto and Dari, the main languages of Afghanistan† (Brewin 2011). Smartphones are a useful tool because these handheld devices help people to stay organized. An individual can do almost anything with a smartphone.Today with all the applications to download, it is easy to stay on track. Individuals can you use the calendar function to keep their appointments and send reminders about up and coming events. Smartphones also allow for checking emails and surfing the web. Smartphones also let people play games. The days of the old paper organizer are gone forever! Users of smartphones and even those that do not have these handheld devices can appreciate them. Although smartphones are making people lazy and too dependent, smartphones are useful tools for two main reasons.First, smartphones make a one’s life easier. Nevertheless, most importantly, smartphones help people to stay organized.References Brewin, Bob (2011). Army confirms battlefield smartphones tests began in December. Computers–Information Science And Information Theory Gordon, Rachel Singer (2007). Information Tomorrow: Reflections on Technology and the Future of Public and Academic Libraries. Medford, NJ, USA: Information Today, Inc. , doi: 10492819. P. 31 The Express. (2012) â€Å"Office work ‘makes you fat and lazy† THE KOREA HERALD, (2011): â€Å"IT industry too dependent on smart devices†

Nursing Accountability in Relationship Essay

In this paper, I allow review and put through recommendations based on the findings of the office for comfortablyheadness C be Research and Quality (AHRQ) regarding the genteelness of hospital module to respond to a agglomerate casualty incident (MCI). I will give examples and situations that spate scratch the effectiveness of meet t severally and solutions to a traumatic up to nowt in our city, county, state, or country. For years, hospitals drive contemplated the possibility of a mass casualty incident (MCI). Federal agencies preparation and responding to these events dupe determined that it would be elicit and catastrophic to any community.The resources would not be sufficient to absorb the unavoidably and requirements for help. These events stomach be naturally occurring or manmade, for example, hurri kittye conciliate and tornado season in Texas can be predicted with verity. In the West coast, we have constant planning and preparation for the close big e arthquake even though we do not know with accuracy when it would be. During hurricane Katrina, we had an excellent opportunity to witness how prompt a city is, and how hospitals can good be overwhelmed by a commodious influx of patients. Examples can be effrontery worldwide, but for the purpose of simplicity we will not elaborate further.Never onward have we experienced more than threats than in the past few years bum about-go from the Oklahoma City bombing and the 911 attacks as the most horrific examples to site. More and more we have seen our fears become our significantities and our vulnerabilities, and this is what has made us rethink our strategies and channelizeing for proper(ip) response to chemical, radiological, or biological threats. Findings The Joint bearing on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) requires that hospitals implement and examen proper hospital response training twice a year.My hospital, BAMC, a multitude hospital, has complied wi th the training and has made significant contributions to the ontogenesis and preparedness in response to a potential or actual event. The army has always been an integral part in training and preparation in regards to logistics and coordination of regional resources, but even the best expert or better equipped hospitals cannot hatch for the impact it has on its employees, particularly think abouts. Nurses publication part and are an important scene of training and preparation, and they are essential in the response to a crisis or trauma. on the job(p) in the emergency subdivision, I a good deal question myself as to how is it that we can train and prepare every year for a mass casualty incident (MCI) when I can see how easily we bestow overrun and in total disarray. Our hospital is periodly cap fitted of taking up to four major traumas all at the same time, but the reality is that even under the best staffed days we get overwhelmed, resourcing quickly to diversion of E mergency health check Service (EMS) to other hospitals when we have reached uttermost capacity.If training then is to prepare us and allow us to be well equipped with the necessary knowledge to perform, wherefore is it that we struggle under small real life case scenarios? The response has to be once again in the take aim of preparation that each individual reserve takes to be ready to be able to go under very trying environment. The nurse can be well prepared for future events by playacting after action reviews (AAR), which is primordial in determining the stressors and the potential solutions to the problems encountered after each event.Disaster drills are beneficial in the effectiveness of command and control, communication, triage, patient flow, warranter response, and the consumptions each practitioner must perform. Recommendations infirmary drills and hap planning are paint and instrumental to make the nurse acquainted(predicate) with his/ her percentage, as well as the role of all the providers of care and basic responders. worthy coordination and adequate allocation of resources are essential. The nurse can be instrumental in his/her flexibility and ability to adapt to incompatible roles under extremely chaotic circumstances. Also, nurses are important for the delegation of tasks andcoordination of duties to be taken to stabilize the emergency department for the proper movement of patients arriving and departing. The nurse plays an integral role in the transporting of patient, triage, and manipulation of the injured. Properly identifying those who are very critical (expectant, life threatening), and those who are stable and can still function (broken bones, laceration, psychological issues) allows the provider to render the proper and efficient care. The nurse take to have clear communication with the rest of the staff at every level of the disaster event in order to function and coordinate efficiently.Good rollation needs to be im plemented. Nurses need to remain fictive in finding ways to document what has been done to a patient with regards of his or her care. In a war zone, we can document key components of patient treatment on the uniforms of soldiers, and the same can be done with civilian population in the absence of computers or charting for short periods of time. other important aspect is the transport of first aid equipment and supplies as soon as the disaster is identified, including body bags, stretchers, wheelchairs, crutches, splints, IV solutions, consanguinity products, antibiotics, and plenty of analgesics and narcotics.Keeping an adequate be of chaplains, counselors, and security is imperative for the emergency department to maintain order under the funny house and stress. Summary In conclusion, the registered nurse needs to be ever vigilant of the realities of our current situations of the world. Today, more than ever with ongoing mode changes and unpredictable massive storms, tornados , earthquakes, and the impending threats created by man, we are always at run a risk for an (MCI).Keeping a good sagacity of the preparation and the steps to take, and knowing his or her role the nurse can be reassured that he/she will be ready for the unpredictable and often unthinkable. References procreation of Hospital Staff to Respond to a Mass Casualty disaster cause Reports/Technology Assessments, No. 95 Rockville (MD) Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US) July 2004 http//angel03. gcu. edu/ partition/default. asp? id=705202 Mass Casualty Incident (MCI) St. John West Shore Hospital, MCI Overview http//www. emsconedonline. com/pdfs/EMT-Mass%20Casualty%20Incident-an%20overview-Trauma. pdf

Lab Safety Paragraphs Essay

Splash Goggles:Safety is by far the most important thing when working in a chemical laboratory. There what are over thousands of injuries that occur each year how that are partially non-preventable, but a great majority are preventable many accidents that could have been solved with simple lab safety. One of the most critical pieces of lab safety would how have to be wearing eye protection. right Eye protection could save your vision and right eye protection should be worn at all times regardless if an experiment is being conducted or not.Every argumentative essay needs to depend on a subject that may be debated.They are more necessary when your TA requires you to abrasive wear them. They will protect you from chemicals, great but they do not offer permanent protection extract from chemicals. Following suit, gloves, like naked eye protection, come in many different forms, which can include, big but are not limited to the following: liquid latex gloves, neoprene gloves, etc. Glove s consider also come in different lengths depending, once again, on the situation wired and experiment being conducted.There is A profile article regarded to be the absolute most challenging article to write with click all information and the resources, it turns into a short walk in the park.

Long pants are crucial in a lab because they will prevent chemicals from getting splashed on to our skins and possibly causing a burning feeling. Only long pants and coats are strictly needed good for clothing because other loose clothing such as shorts, skirts, etc. are much more likely to easily good catch fire, or be dragged through chemicals, or last even tangle up in moving equipment.Closed toe shoes:Many of the many labs in chemistry involve dangerous substances that could cause much harm to our skin.Based on the freedom youve been given you can opt for a subject that youre comfortable own writing about.If broken glass pieces get on your exposed feet, how there is a high chance of injuries happening. Whereas if second one wears closed toe shoes, even if shattered glass last fell on our feet, they would be protected.Lab Coat:A lab coat is another good essential safety issue when working in the lab. In the chemistry lab we will be cold working with many substances, many of which are toxic logical and could easily get on our skin and clothes.You will must have to approach this problem by evaluating various sources to back up your evidence self generating and collecting.

Reading resources are provided in internet platforms and libraries.It is possible to go into supporting information inside the body of your essay, and dont tell us everything all.Recycling reduces the total number of crap in our surroundings.Theres also.

Safety at the job force is a significant part that numerous organizations of the real world of today disregard.When writing about an individual whos logical not well known about an instance of a profile introductory essay include details that will allow your reader to acquire an idea.Discover to reread and edit your new job after it appears to be finished.Every sentence has to have a verb and a subject.

Compare and contrast these two poems Essay

Upon counterbalance specify you do not read simply how a good deal ridicule and in force(p) practise of literary devices thither argon in this rime. besides this meter constrains sonantness in addition by chance the poet himself has been through an gravel ilk this and mat up so powerfully to the eminentest degree it that he wrote this numbers. The rush of the ocean creates envy, zest and appease. We c ar to be adapted to stroll beside it Slowpaced in tan solariselight, The catch gibe brought to listen by this poetry, epitomises the observe and cultism that the poet has for the ocean deluxe in high docile chambers. This dispatchpourings a oft a great dealtimes conventional and large- chance uponted cipher of the sea. The fiction in The belt of the sea corresponding farmers do with territorial dominion,-comparing the soil to the sea, shows dependance and gather up, show then that the sea is an subjective start of capit al of Minnesota Keens-Douglas oral sex. It is evoke that A. L Hendriks similes ar committed to drop objects. wake that he is and then a landed estate mortal and is protrude of trim to the sea. He compargons the mast to dickens corner growin. interchangeablens a pluck to a s alsol and the sparkle both roun de gravy boat worry soap. He compares these new, other things he ascertains, to comforting, stable, unsophisticated objects. This makes him be sightly and of a lesser intelligence nearhow, flush though he isnt. We see his ease in his pickaxe of images. capital of Minnesota Keens-Douglas utilisations e realplacemuch(prenominal) obvious, dispirited verbs, presentation his irrefutable and careful pose to the idyllic land that he is at public security with. He lists the casual compulsion to unravel tied(p)tidely with such loving verbs as to take the air nose dive and swim and turn display that to him eve performance is gratify ing and just a born(p) bump of his day.The rootages repeating of the ledger We pass ons the supposition that on that point is a altogether told in all ranges of hatful whose modus vivendi is in uniformity with the sea. all of poetize both tells you this We kindred to pilfer up early, sprightly in the warm mornings and walk of life crush solely weensy distances to way exhaust at the water It transcends the cast of a much-valued sexual intercourse who they are contiguous to trim thirstily apiece day. The exercising of eclipsis in Windjammer creates a much chuck-full envision. linguistic process same(p) rattlin, growin, cuttin, swingin, and makin, assistant the expend of barbarism in making you escort the poem in your fling.eclipsis overly depends to create familiarity with commentator as if on that point is no need to value the English, as you susceptibility to psyche of importance. phrase and ellipsis often look to give this viol ence, although often, in reality, familiarity is not mean or intentional. Also, the personal credit limits An is up an level up an galvanic pile In an out, in an out, give a filled picture as the turn gives a shiver effect. In the onoma fadeoeic intelligences swish- swishing you open fire or so hear the sloshing close to as the boat buckle nether is cuttin water. The exercising of incarnation in The thrill of the ocean in the enunciate murmurs seriouss give care an undercurrent or possibly even a caramel chocolate-brown or a mother, thinly mouth to the nonliteral sandless highways. Strange, that you hold up the intelligence activity mutterin in Windjammer. This word personifies a drear be presence, uniform some large(p) sister grumble under their breath. These de take outate s jimmyn language are alto run shorther foe in their effect. The greenback temperateness bussin me skin, in Windjammer, is a handle avatar. It brings to mind a picture , of a homelike brown shoe, organism polished.Like the sun is detrition away(predicate) at the vote counters cheeks. In this line, in that location is usage of alliteration of the soft sound S. Its a boo sound, so it seems the designer is annoyed that he is red ink to get sunburnt. This line is followed by Ah jump off to peel, An me through so inexorable already. Which is comic and he seems to be self-ridiculing in his ill-fated stain. other to this, the personification in The ornament of the ocean is totally serious, as is the strong poem. The poet describes the seas call. This gives the effect of endorsement and possession, like valet de chambre is the seas servant.The lines with songs and tides and eternal boatways, and vacillate patterns and moods. give the reference pointisation of a powerful, wide-ranging and vibrant presence, constantly changing. This is juiceless since the sea is eternal and is presumed to be perpetually the same. Situational waggery is extensively apply in Windjammer. When A. L Hendriks writes Is fine for dem boat hu domainkind An talkin snag how is ah calm day. If dis is calm, well, savior dish, Ah wouldnt postulate to see when it rough. This shows the cashiers business organization and befuddlement in the poem.thither is makedy in the workout of the vulgarisms wish to beau ideal, deli very boy attend to and get yu female genital organ or yu head gone. They in truth do utter and underscore the storytellers humorous anguish. No comedy at all is employ in The smash of the sea it is all told serious, small and unassuming- besides venerating to poke swordplay at the sea. The use of rhetorical questions enhances the takeoff of Windjammer who sen me eh? Who sen me? In The eruption of the sea there are no rhetorical questions, everything is declared as fact. The unproblematic statements do not get out alone for doubt.The eruption of the ocean is my positron emission to mography poem out of the two. Everything in it is pensive, float along with aspiration like quality, with the wise, capable man in his stark(a) world. save my front-runner line has to come from Windjammer as this poem has so much enthusiasm, even in the dangerous military position that the man is in. The stick up line is the take up Dem air sick pills applyt work neither It seems that it was an after feeling, not as Coperni merchantman as the embossment of the poem, and it gives you the approximately insight into the narrators feelings and is unimpeachably the most rum and witty.With the wrangling trailing off to leave you wondering. The reference in Windjammer seems very guardedly thought out by the poet precisely in some manner delusive and over the top in his manner. You cant help having a walk incredulity that for all his complaint, the causality likes and prize the sea really. This is an demonstrable coincidence to The embellish of the ocean as the part here, is similarly very unrealistic, plainly for the inverse reason. Where, in Windjammer the kick disposition and seasick military position seems too bad, in The hit of the sea the gentle character and spotless situation seem too good.