All human beings have a deep need for affection and respect Essay Example for Free

All human beings have a deep need for affection and respect Essay Do you think that Steinbeck conveys the message that nearly all human beings have a deep need for affection and respect? Yes I do think that Steinbeck conveys the message that nearly all human beings have a deep need for affection and respect because there is a lot of characters in the story that are very lonely and depressed, they need someone to talk to and to discuss their own problems with. Curleys wife is very lonely and she doesnt have anyone to talk to. She is the only woman on the ranch and isnt treated properly. She has a dream to become and actress and she tells us the story about the time she was talking to a man and he told her that he would send her a letter back to become an actress and she is still waiting on the letter. She should be respected and it makes us release it. George and Lennieà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s dream is to liv of the fata the lanà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. This means that they dream to buy their own land and be there own boss and work there every day. They also want to be fed from there and Lennie wants to tendà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ his rabbits. As soon as candy finds out that George and Lennie have a dream, Candy buysà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ in to it by offering all his savings. Lennie and George are outcasts and exiles, the reason for this is for the fact that they are itinerant workers and they always work together and go everywhere with each other. This makes them outcasts because they always go everywhere together where as compare to other people at that moment in time every one went on their own. Crooks is lonely and no one talks to him, he doesnt sleep in the bunkhouse with the other ranch-hands because he is black. This shows the racism at this time. When Lennie goes in to his room he tells Lennie to get out of it because he wasnt allowed in their rooms so why should Lennie be in his room. It shows the way he is rejected from the others and that he has a need for deep affection. Curley is very bossy and he thinks that everyone is afraid of him. He bullies people because this is the way he can talk to people. He thought that he would be able to bully Lennie because Lennie looked stupid and very shy, but after he hit Lennie a few times so as soon as George told Lennie to hit him back he did so. Every person has a need to convey their affection and in Of Mice and Men Steinbecks shows this in different ways, with the different characters.

The Effects of Education on Fiscal Responsibility Essay -- Financial M

The world is recovering from financial crisis that started in 2007. The cause of the crisis was failure of American Mortgage Company. The effect has spread all over the world; however the world seems to be recovering. This is not the first time that the world has suffered such a crisis. There was the great depression of 1920s. The point that is in people’s mind; economists, politicians, and social scientist is how they can prevent the occurrence of such a crisis in future. Among the many recommendation brought out, there is the role that education can play. Our education system can be moulded to educate students and society in general on how they can prevent such an occurrence in the future. Secondary school life is the initial stage that a child moulding can start. It ensures that there is a base of a human being that can be shaped to influence the life of the child in future (Alloy & Ahrens, 2008). This paper will focus on how education can be used to combat future occurrenc e of such crisis. Development and enforcement of a money management principles The principle that human beings have are moulded by early life development. At high school a child is given some money to manage and spend. This is the period that they are given pocket money to spend at school and are allowed to make individual decisions toward things that affect their lives. In schools children should be taught on how to manage the finances they have, they should be trained on how to make decisions which have an impact on the finances they have. The little money they are given by their parents should be the one to start molding their behavior towards good financial management and making priorities. One of the most important things that people should aim at is t... ...simism for the future: Biased use of statistically relevant information in predictions for self versus others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(2), 366-378. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.2.366 Ambachtshee, K., Beartty, D. and Booth, L. (2008). The financial crisis and rescue. What went wrong? Why? What lesson can be learnt? Toronto: university of Toronto Melzert, H. (1995). Review of "Curriculum-adjustment in the Secondary School". Journal of Educational Psychology, 16(9), 638. doi:10.1037/h0068007. Morris, P. (1997). School knowledge, the state and the market: an analysis of the Hong Kong secondary school curriculum. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 29(3), 329-350. doi:10.1080/002202797184071. Park ,R. cona, K. and Fingess, M. (2008). The crisis of global environment governance: towards a new political economy of sustainability. New York: Prentice Hall

Cultural Differences in Perception

The cultural influence of difference in focus and categorization In the research article, â€Å"The influence of culture: holistic versus analytic perception† provided by Richard E. Nisbett and Yuri Miyamoto, there is evidence that perceptual processes are influenced by culture. The research found that Western cultures focus on salient objects and use rules and categorization for purposes of organizing the environment, whereas, East Asian cultures focus more holistically on relationships and similarities among the objects when organizing the environment.In an illustrative study both rural Chinese and American children were shown a picture of a man, a woman, and a baby. The Chinese children tended to group the woman and the baby because of the relationship between the two, a woman takes care of a baby. American children tended to group the man and the woman because they are both adults. The results indicated that culture influences late stages of perception and categorization.I n another study East Asians and European Americans were presented with the Rod-and-Frame Test. In this test a rod or line is shown inside a frame, which can be rotated around the rod. The participants were asked to state when the rod appeared vertical even if the position of the frame was in a different position. The East Asian participants made more errors than the European American participants. This indicated that the East Asians were attending more to the whole field which made it difficult to ignore the frame.It was found that East Asians not only attended more to the field, but they noticed it earlier, remembered more about it, and related the object to the field in memory. Additional evidence that Asians pay more attention to context comes from work by Masuda and Nisbett. They presented American and Japanese participants with two animated pictures of a farm. The two pictures had various small differences in details. Some of the changes differed in focal objects and other chan ges were made in the field and relationships between objects.The findings showed small differences in styles of attending to information in the environment. In conclusion Nisbett and Miyamoto found, â€Å"considerable evidence that shows that Asians are inclined to attend to, perceive and remember contexts and relationships whereas Westerners are more likely to attend to, perceive and remember the attributes of salient objects and their category memberships† (Paragraph 10). Eye-movements during scene perception In the past hundred years, cultural differences in perceptual judgment and memory have been observed.It has been found that Westerners pay more attention to focal object whereas East Asians pay more attention to contextual information. Hannah Faye Chua, Julie E. Boland, and Richard E. Nisbett wrote a research article, â€Å"Cultural variation in eye movement during scene perception† in which they studied such cultural differences. They examined the possibility t hat the differences came from culturally different viewing patterns when confronted with a nature scene.The authors did so by measuring the eye movements of both American cultured individuals and Chinese cultured individuals while they viewed photographs with a focal object in a complex background. They found that the Americans fixated more on focal objects and the Chinese participants paid more attention to the background. It appeared to Nisbett, Boland, and Chua that the differences in judgment and memory may have come from differences in what is actually attended as people view a picture.In the study performed by Nisbett, Boland, and Chua participants were asked to sit in front of a computer screen with a head-mounted eye-movement tracker. The individual would start the session by looking at a plus sign in the middle of a black screen followed by a scenic picture. The findings from study Easterners and Westerners differ in assigning information to objects versus backgrounds. The East Asians were less likely to correctly recognize old foregrounded objects when presented in new back grounds.Providing more evidence that East Asians appear to bind objects with backgrounds in perception. Therefore the cultural differences in visual memory are likely caused by how people from Eastern and Western cultures view scenes and are not only due to cultural norms. American participants looked at the foregrounded object sooner and longer than the Chinese whereas the Chinese looked more at the background than the Americans did. It is thought that this is due to the fact that East Asians live in relatively complex social networks. Thus, attention to context is important for effective functioning.Westerners, however, live in less constraining social worlds that stress independence which allows them to pay less attention to context. Thought habits in different cultures In the research done by Nisbett and his colleges it is found that individuals not only think about different things but think differently over all. In all the studies it was found that Easterners think more holistically, paying more attention to context and relationship and relying more on experience-based knowledge than abstract logic and showed more tolerance for contradiction.Westerners are more analytic, tending to detach objects from their context to avoid contradiction. They relied heavily on formal logic. The Asian participants in the studies showed greater attention to the background of scenes than the objects in the background whereas the Americans showed greater attention to the objects. When it came to interpreting events in the social world, the Asians seemed similarly sensitive to context more quickly than the Americans did. This can cause different views when perceiving world events.

Music Genres - 826 Words

Gospel music has been described as spiritual music to help uplift you and overcoming pain and struggles. At the same time, rhythm and blues tells a story of heart ache, finding love and being very emotional. However, both are emotional nonetheless. Despite some differences on the surface, gospel music and RB are actually lot alike in the sense they constantly reinvent themselves and continue to grow worldwide. Gospel music is very soulful just like RB and can make you feel good and take you to other place when you hear the music. Gospel can reach a very large audience because there is no style restriction when it comes to this genre. Gospel music has much repetition which was carried over from the days when African Americans could not†¦show more content†¦These artists saw that combining the music or even transitioning to another music genre really had it benefits and it also seem to their choice of music they were happy with doing. As both music genres continue to change, it also continues to influence new music and sound. They are very different from lyrics, but they are very much alike in their sound. There were a lot of artist who did crossover from gospel to RB and vice versa. There is a lot of gospel music nowadays that sounds like RB music and that is great in a way because it plays to another audience. It can reach more people who may only listen to one type of genre of music. There are so many artists who do interview and said they grew up in the church and that is why they became a gospel singer or they became a blues singer. It has been those influences that have shaped these styles of music and made it the popular music that it isShow MoreRelatedMusic Is The Genre Of Music1624 Words   |  7 PagesThe modern day person encounters a plethora of genres in their everyday life. Whether going to the grocery store or watching television, people are surrounded by the genres of branding, music, twitter post s, Facebook statuses, and so much more. While it is true that we are impacted by the world of genre around us each day, it is also true that many people do not know what genre is. Genre is the expression of people’s thoughts, ideas, or emotions, towards a target audience, that can be separated intoRead MoreEffect of Different Music Genres on the Mind6676 Words   |  27 PagesIndividual Research Project FIRST-HAND INVESTIGATION BIOLOGY The Effect of Different Music Genres on the Human Mind: * Concentration * Spatial Reasoning * Short-Term Memory * Reaction Time Timothy Yee Joy TABLE OF CONTENTS Why I chose this topic ............................................................................3 Summary of Prior Research......................................................................4 Appendix of Research and Assessment of Reliability ........Read MoreHip Hop : A Cultural Movement And Popular Genre Of Music Essay1920 Words   |  8 Pagesto us, and music is all we ve really got† – Missy Elliot. Hip-Hop is a cultural movement and popular genre of music that emerged during the early 1970 s by working class Black youths in New York City. The cultural movement has rapidly expanded across different countries and ethnicities over the years, becoming one of the few markers that define a generation. Hip-Hop can be seen as â€Å"the fundamental matrix of self-expression for this whole generation† (Katz Smith, 1993). Through music, itself, artistsRead MoreA music genre is a category of pieces of music that share a certain style or â€Å"basic musical900 Words   |  4 PagesA music genre is a category of pieces of music that share a certain style or â€Å"basic musical language† (van der Merwe 1989, p.3). The two articles that I will be compar ing are â€Å"Genres, Subgenres, Sub-Subgenres and More† by Kembrew McLeod (2001) and â€Å"On the Value of Popular Music† by S. Firth (1996). Categorizing music is especially challenging when it comes to fitting it into sub genres. As we move through the ages, and technology and communication becomes more complex, newer and unique genres areRead MoreMusic Is The Most Popular Genres Of Music Essay1669 Words   |  7 PagesMusic has been found in every culture in present time, as well as in the past, dating back almost 55,000 years (citation), with roots in Africa. Music is one of the most basic art forms and is a way of life for many; a means of expression relative to emotions, culture, and one’s self. Music is all around us and it’s hard to imagine going one day without listening to some variety of music. Music has evolved tremendously from prehistoric times today, but one thing’s stayed the same – one culture’sRead MoreComparing Ra p And Country Music Genres1115 Words   |  5 PagesComparison of Rap and Country Music Genres With the release of the single â€Å"Accidental Racist,† by Brad Paisley and LL Cool J, the lines between rap music and country music officially blurred beyond recognition. Fans of country and rap music downloaded and purchased the single to see how two completely different genres would blend. Billboard statistics show that most fans appreciated Paisley and Smith’s efforts. Yet hardcore country and hip-hop fans insist that the genres are so different on the musicalRead MoreThe Various Genres Of Music Had A Positive Or Negative Effect On Society2928 Words   |  12 Pagesthe past 50 years has the various genres of music had a positive or negative effect on generations of young adults? For hundreds of years, music has developed through all kinds of ways, such as broadening society’s perspective, influencing fashion, and creating new music from the old. But has music in the past 50 years influenced positive or negative affects on society and younger generations? As Dave Holland said, â€Å"I think that what is important is that the music be honest and direct and that itRead MoreHip Hop And The Music Genre927 Words   |  4 PagesEncyclopedia Britannica, Hip-Hop can be delineated as a music genre consisting of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted.1 Originating from a disparaged subculture in the South Bronx and eagerly spreading through other sectors of New York City during the 1970’s, Hip-Hop evolved from formerly being a relatively fraudulent style to currently being a commercialized and disseminated music genre among diverse areas around the globe. Hip-hop sRead MoreHip Hop Is A Genre Of Music1192 Words   |  5 PagesMusic has always been one of the ways that people use to express the connection between their feelings and the outside world with melody, rhythm and sound. There are different genres and many kinds of music from different places and different nationality. Hip hop is a cultural movement that emerged in the 1970s in the United States among Latin Americans, Jamaicans and African American that aimed to protest the social conflicts and violence suffered by the lower classes of urban society. Hip HopRead MoreMy Favorite Genre Of Music1036 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many different significant roles that help create the American culture of today. Music has a good beat to the culture we have today. My favorite genre of music is Hip-hop. It is always trending in American culture. I believe that hip hop plays a significant role on American culture today. There are a couple of reasons why it might have a big effect on the culture. One of the reaso ns for the music playing this role on the culture would be, the style that they produce. Another reason to look

Finding Conditions for Factor Returns and Scale Returns

A factor return is the return attributable to a particular common factor, or an element that influences many assets which can include factors like market capitalization, dividend yield, and risk indices, to name a few. Returns to scale, on the other hand, refer to what happens as the scale of production increases over the long term as all inputs are variable. In other words, scale returns represent the change in output from a proportionate increase in all inputs. To put these concepts into play, lets take a look at a production function with a factor returns and scale returns practice problem. Factor Returns and Returns to Scale Economics Practice Problem Consider the production function Q KaLb. As an economics student, you may be asked to find conditions on a and b such that the production function exhibits decreasing returns to each factor, but increasing returns to scale. Lets look at how you might approach this. Recall that in the article Increasing, Decreasing, and Constant Returns to Scale that we can easily answer these factor returns and scale returns questions by simply doubling the necessary factors and doing some simple substitutions. Increasing Returns to Scale Increasing returns to scale would be when we double all factors and production more than doubles. In our example we have two factors K and L, so well double K and L and see what happens: Q KaLb Now lets double all our factors, and call this new production function Q Q (2K)a(2L)b Rearranging leads to: Q 2abKaLb Now we can substitute back in our original production function, Q: Q 2abQ To get Q 2Q, we need 2(ab) 2. This occurs when a b 1. As long as ab 1, we will have increasing returns to scale. Decreasing Returns to Each Factor But per our practice problem, we also need decreasing returns to scale in each factor. Decreasing returns for each factor occurs when we double only one factor, and the output less than doubles. Lets try it first for K using the original production function: Q KaLb Now lets double K, and call this new production function Q Q (2K)aLb Rearranging leads to: Q 2aKaLb Now we can substitute back in our original production function, Q: Q 2aQ To get 2Q Q (since we want decreasing returns for this factor), we need 2 2a. This occurs when 1 a. The math is similar for factor L when considering the original production function: Q KaLb Now lets double L, and call this new production function Q Q Ka(2L)b Rearranging leads to: Q 2bKaLb Now we can substitute back in our original production function, Q: Q 2bQ To get 2Q Q (since we want decreasing returns for this factor), we need 2 2a. This occurs when 1 b. Conclusions and Answer So there are your conditions. You need ab 1, 1 a, and 1 b in order to exhibit decreasing returns to each factor of the function, but increasing returns to scale. By doubling factors, we can easily create conditions where we have increasing returns to scale overall, but decreasing returns to scale in each factor. More Practice Problems for Econ Students: Elasticity of Demand Practice ProblemAggregate Demand Aggregate Supply Practice Problem

Apartheid in South Africa - 1656 Words

During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African people. I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die. -- Nelson Mandela -- 20 April 1964. Rivonia trial Historical Background South Africa is a land of abundant natural resources, mild climate, and fertile lands. Their resources range from diamond and gold to platinum and their land is fertile enough to feed the rest of the world if cultivated intensively. Yet many†¦show more content†¦If Blacks were caught with family members who did not have the permission to be in the area, they were arrested and imprisoned, once spotted by the inspectors. The Population Registration Act, also in 1950, required that all Africans were classified into three categories according to race. These were Black, Colored, or White, and the government made these classifications according to a person’s habits, education, appearance, and manner. Rules were given according to race and had to be followed to prevent dire consequences. The Bantu Authorities Act, 1951, assigned all Africans to their native land. This stole power away from the Africans, and instead allowed them to vote solely within their homeland. This allowed the denationalization of Africans possible. The Bantu Education Act applied apartheid to the educational system. The education of Whites, Blacks, and Colored was separately administered and financed. The Abolition of Passes and Coordination of Documents Act, 1952, required all Africans to carry a pass-book, similar to a passport. The pass-book contained all personal information, such as name, photograph of holder, fingerprints, and also gave a detailed explanation on where a person could be employed, and their performance at work. If Africans did not obey the rules, they were kicked out from the area, and their crime would be reported in their pass-books. The penalty for not carrying the book at all times was also severe, rangingShow MoreRelatedThe Apartheid Of South Africa1174 Words   |  5 PagesSome periods in human history are simply shameful. The period of apartheid policy in South Africa was one of these times. Apartheid featured a rebirth of racist legislature in South Africa from the 1950s to the 1990s. Essentially, these laws treated people who were not white as completely separate from society; the term apartheid literally means â€Å"apartness.† The nation al legislature in South Africa wanted to suppress blacks and ensure a white supremacy in the government. Basically, politicalRead MoreSouth Africa Apartheid And Oppression1695 Words   |  7 Pages South Africa Apartheid (oppression) Oppression is at the root of many of the most serious, enduring conflicts in the world today. Racial and religious conflicts; conflicts between dictatorial governments and their citizens; the battle between the sexes; conflicts between management and labor; and conflicts between heterosexuals and homosexuals all stem, in whole or in part, to oppression. It’s similar to an article in south africa that people have with racial segregationRead MoreApartheid and The Future of South Africa in Cry, The Beloved Country1044 Words   |  5 Pagesall characters from Alan Paton’s book, Cry, The Beloved Country, are used to share Paton’s points of view on the future of South Africa and the apartheid. Paton uses these characters to represent specific views; Arthur expresses clearly that the apartheid isn’t the right way to progress as a country, Napoleon exemplifies how Paton thinks people should take the anti-apartheid effort, and Msimangu explicitly expresses Patonâ €™s ideas of an ideal leader. Arthur Jarvis was the son of James Jarvis, anRead MoreEssay on South Africa Under Apartheid: A Totalitarian State1356 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the Apartheid Era, there emerged from South Africa cases of gross human rights abuse, racism, police brutality and general mistreatment of the non-white population. Excluding the fact that South Africa was never ruled by a dictator, it can be argued that some of these features were totalitarian and that South Africa was, to a certain extent, a totalitarian state under Apartheid. This discussion will analyse the totalitarian features that were apparent during Apartheid, and will be structuredRead MoreTo What Extent Did The Collapse Of Apartheid South Africa ( 1991 ) Really Bring About Change For The Bantu Population1458 Words   |  6 PagesTo what extent did the collapse of Apartheid in South Africa (1991) really bring about change for the Bantu population? The collapse of Apartheid in South Africa (1991) brought only a small amount of change for the Bantu population. South still faces racism in society, due to the continual domination by the â€Å"white† population with race interaction limited to the false â€Å"rainbow† television campaigns and promotional Africa strategies. At the close of Apartheid, a number of false statements were usedRead MoreHow and why did the apartheid system come into existence in South Africa and how was its existence maintained and enforced for so long?1593 Words   |  7 PagesThe term apartheid was one of the most politically charged words in the second half of the 20th century, and still remains notorious today. Apartheid translated from Afrikaans means separateness or apartness. However when the National Party came to power in South Africa in 1948, it took on a much more sinister meaning and today is associated with racial and ethnic discrimination. The roots of apartheid stem deep into South African history. It started way back during European settlement, andRead MoreApartheid in South Africa1118 Words   |  5 PagesApartheid In South Africa APARTHEID Apartheid is the political policy of racial segregation. In Afrikaans, it means apartness, and it was pioneered in 1948 by the South African National Party when it came to power. Not only did apartheid separate whites from non-whites, it also segregated the Blacks (Africans) from the Coloureds (Indians, Asians). All things such as jobs, schools, railway stations, beaches, park benches, public toilets and even parliament. Apartheid alsoRead MoreThe Apartheid Of South Africa1159 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the year of 1948, the lives of south Africans changed forever. The National Party, which was an all-white government, gained power and created hell for non-white citizens, their goal was to have white people continue to dominate the country and to keep each race separated from each other; even though at the time whites were only 20% of the population. The apartheid, which literally means â€Å"apartness† lasted until 1991, and during this time many acts were passed. One being that â€Å"non-white AfricansRead MoreThe Apartheid Of South Africa Essay1742 Words   |  7 PagesNelson Mandela and protesters during South Africa s journey away from apartheid. It’s a curious ponder, in fact, that America’s and South Africa’s ascents from racial discrimination were possibly involved with each other. However, while the world may be convinced the nation is out of racist dep ths, evidence displays the rise from discrimination in South Africa is undeniably incomplete. There is a dangerous and unresolved influence of apartheid in South Africa today. After World War 2 was won byRead MoreThe Apartheid Of South Africa1333 Words   |  6 Pageshistory of South Africa all we could see is racial discrimination. Africa was all in control of Whites till 1994. South Africa got free from racial discrimination when Nelson Mandela took a step became the first black prime minister of South Africa. Contemporary South Africa is now economically strong and it is completely a racial free state. The contemporary South Africa is now in race with every state in every field. Before 1994 South Africa was completely under control of Apartheid. WHO IS APARTHEID

Business Plan for Car Wash Busy Bee Car Centre

Question: Describe about the Business Plan for Busy Bee Car Wash Centre? Answer: Executive Summary Busy Bee Car Centre is a well established car serving business in town and it has a plan to serve the people with hand car wash and detailing in Bronte as there is not any specific business that offer such business in that location. The company will provide different range of service to customers related to cars or vehicles. On the other hand, the particular study has focused on conducting industry analysis by using Porters five forces model. Moreover, the business focused on the sales and revenue that they can generate in the period of five years from the proposed business. The market analysis has been conducted to know the feasibility of the selected market for running the business of hand car wash and detailing. The market segmentation has been done to target the potential customer that can increase the earnings and sales of the business. The marketing plan has been outlined and also the company structure to have clear idea about the management of Busy Bee Car Centre. Further, ope rational plan has been mentioned followed by financial projections taking account of income statement, balance sheet, cash flow and loan. Company Description Busy Bee Car Centre is a well known hand car wash which is located in Bronte, Sydney, Australia. The car wash business will be effectively involved in the business of car repair for over 12 years. Therefore, in order to penetrate in the market, the owner that is John Hayden has decided to enter into the car washing zone and detailing to provide better service to customers in maintaining their vehicles. It has also been seen that since past three years the profit of the business is decreasing which is affecting the business and growth. Moreover, the competitors have risen in that area which is one of the reasons that Busy Bee has decided to start hand car wash business for gaining competitive edge. Busy Bee will be engaged in delivering services such as interior car cleaning, exterior car cleaning and detailing. The owner has such taken decision as there are no any true rivals that provide superior quality service at affordable price. Therefore, entering into the new business will not help in increasing profit margin but also increase in the market share (Abrams, 2010). 1.1 Objectives of Busy Bee Car Centre To gain high profit margin and revenue To be regarded as a best car wash and detail service business in Bronte To provide quality service at reasonable cost to customers To expand business in two location after successful year To engage productive and efficient employees 1.2 Mission of Busy Bee Car Centre The mission of Busy Bee is to deliver superior and excellent washing and detail service all the time to the car owners. The employees will be treated with respect and dignity in order to provide productive customer service. 2. Industry Analysis The service of Car Wash and Detailing in Australia has seen a significant growth in last five years which is helping the car wash business to generate better income and profit. However, in spite of growth in the service, the market share has not been up to the mark but instead there is predication by market analyst that higher revenue will be generated along with market share in coming three to four years. On the other hand, it is evident that sale of the car has tremendously increased over the years and due to pollution people are not able to clean their car by their own (Bird, 2010). Moreover, they do not know the right technique to wash and detail the car. Therefore, there is huge opportunity for the Busy Bee Car Centre to provide service with car washing and detailing. Apart from that, it has also been known, since 1999, the car washing business has shown reasonable growth in comparison to home wash. Years Car Wash Home Wash 1999 55.1% 44.5% 2002 57.0% 43.0% 2005 62.0% 38.0% 2008 65.6% 34.4% 2011 71.3% 31.8% Table 1: Comparison in growth of car wash service with home wash Figure1: Car Wash and Home Wash Growth It can be understood from the above figure that Car Wash and Detailing service industry is growing at a good pace in Australia and it provide number of opportunity to the people to have a car wash business and earn a reasonable profit margin. The particular industry can be further understood by Porters Five Forces Model. Industry Rivalry: The intense competition in the industry can pose significant challenges to the business. However, Busy Bee Car Centre has found that in the selected location there are no true competitors that can pose threat to their car wash and detail service business. Apart from that, it has been also taken in account that presence of small competitors that hold automatic car wash machine can disturb the operation and their growth (Finch, 2010). Therefore, in order to be ahead, Busy Bee may have to provide timely and quick service with high quality. Threat of substitutes: As the owner of the Busy Bee Car Centre decided to clean the car manually than the presence of automatic car washing machine by small business in the area can take away the opportunity of Busy Bee to earn higher profit or price rising ability (Boone, 2012). Thus, Busy Bee has to remain aware about such substitute in order to conduct their operation in effective way. Bargaining power of buyers: The availability of many car washing centres can provide power to the buyers to have their impact on the prices (Dess, 2012). However, it is known that there is no or less car washing and detailing service in Bronte which means that buyers may not have advantage to negotiate on the price that will be charged for the provided service. Therefore, it is a positive sign for Busy Bee to fix the price for service that can not only help in increasing profit margin but also will help in increasing customer circle. Bargaining power of suppliers: If suppliers have the bargaining power than it can lower down the profit level of any business. Therefore, it has been seen that as the Busy Bee business is in the market for over long time thus, they have better relationship with the suppliers for receiving car equipments, cleaning materials, etc (Gandellini, Pezzi and Venanzi, 2012). Thus, it can be understood that Busy Bee does not have to worry about the suppliers. Moreover, the business has to provide right pay to the suppliers in order to gain higher benefit from them. Barriers to entry: It is evident that the rise in the industry of cash wash and detailing has provided large benefit to the business owner or sole proprietors to enter into the particular industry as the industry ensure good return on investment (Marburger, 2012). Therefore, it can be a possible threat for Busy Bee in future. Therefore, Busy Bee may have to continuously upgrade their service so that they can hold their loyal customers and market with higher efficiency. 3. Market Analysis The owner of Busy Bee has counted on Bronte for starting the proposed business as the selected market will ensure large benefit for the success of the business. Moreover, in the selected location, around 42% of the households earn approx $73000 annually. Therefore, many people in that location owns car and also lease cars and they have great value for their cars and its look. 3.1. Market Segmentation Busy Bee Car Centre divides their customers on the basis of car ownership. Further, in order more clear picture, the market has been segmented as: Owners of new car: The people that owns a brand new car mostly likes to have a hand car washing service. Therefore, in Bronte, there are about 33% of people that has brand new cars. Thus, in order to maintain the look and details of the car, the owners will prefer to visit the Busy Bee for hand car washing instead of going for machine car washing (Tsiotsou and Goldsmith, 2012). Owners of older luxury Cars: This particular group of people has been targeted as they can be holding high end luxury cars from many years or they may not be able to pay for the expenses of latest luxury cars (Mooradian, Matzler and Ring, 2012). Therefore, in order to keep their cars in good condition and look, the owners may take their cars to Busy Bee for washing and detailing so that they can have relaxed driving and feel good about their vehicles. Owners of sport car: The owner of sport cars normally belongs to middle age or younger group people and they want to keep their car brand new as the costs of sports car are too expensive. Therefore, in order to maintain the shine and details, the owners may prefer to have hand car washing and cleaning as they have a view that machine car wash can scratch their car which will be costly for them to maintain it further. Lifetime Owners: It has been known that many people possess cars for more than five years and women are most in owning cars for such long period (Hughes, 2012). Thus, they are connected as a friend with their cars and also it may be difficult for them to own a new car. Therefore, they may prefer to bring their vehicles to Busy Bee occasionally so that they can keep their car dirt free and presentable look. Dealerships: The used and new car dealership can be effective for the Busy Bee to generate better profit and earnings from the car dealerships. It has been studied that within three and half miles of selected location, there are six car dealerships and they usually prefers outside car wash services for detailing the cars before it can be taken up for the sale purpose (Gandellini, Pezzi and Venanzi, 2012). Thus, it is an advantageous for the Busy Bee Car Centre to build strong relationship with car dealerships so that many cars can be brought into the car station for hand washing and detailing. Local Businesses: It has been found by the marketer of Busy Bee that there are some local businesses that hold small vans and fleets of cars. Therefore, focus is also on that group as they seek cleaning of their vehicles in order to maintain the image of their business (Nielsen, 2011). Moreover, the local businesses looks for cost effective therefore, Busy Bee will offer them service at reasonable cost so that they visit on regular basis. Options Car Owners New Car Owners 33% Sports Car Owners 12% Older Luxury Car Owners 35% Lifetime Owners 39% Used and New car Dealership 5% Table 2: Market Analysis of Car Owners Figure 2: Market Analysis of Bronte 4. Marketing Plan In order to generate higher benefit from the proposed business, the owner of Busy Bee has to build effective marketing plan. Situation Analysis: SWOT analysis is effective for understanding the current situation. The strength of Busy Bee is there long association with their car service business whereas there weakness is low market share (Nielsen, 2011). On the other hand, Busy Bee has opportunity to serve the people with hand car wash and detailing service in Bronte as such service is very negligible in that area. The possible threats are small business that offers automatic car wash service. Overall, the market of Bronte will be beneficial in gaining targeted customers (Pandey, 2012). Pricing Strategy: Busy Bee has to align the strategy of pricing and positioning in order to gain higher benefit from the market. The price should not be charged too low as it may dissuade the customers and not also too high as customers may not turn up for the service (Liozu and Hinterhuber, 2012). Therefore, the business may need to charge price as per the competitive price so that customer do not feel cheated. Moreover, it can help Busy Bee to position them strongly in the market. Forecasting Sale: The management of Busy Bee has to predict the sale that can be generated from the hand car wash and detail service from Bronte. The forecasting will help in preparing the budget that will be required for financing and arranging personnel that can provide best service to arriving customers (KumarSharma and Sharma, 2012). It has been assumed that Busy Bee will be able to make sale of total $200500 in first year which will gradually improve in next year. Service Year1 Year 2 Year 3 Full Wash 22% 31% 35% Interior Clean 8% 13% 18% Exterior Wash 17% 26% 30% Business Fleet Washes 11% 16% 19% End User Detail 12% 24% 27% Car Dealership Detail 30% 36% 42% Table 3: Sales Forecast in three consecutive years Promotion: On the other hand, in order to reach out to large customer group, Busy Bee has to adopt effective promotion technique. The business can use placing banners and hoardings at different places of Bronte so that most of the customers can become aware about the Busy Bee and its services. This will help in promoting the business and it will also help in increasing sales and generating expected sales and income (Melanthiou, 2012). Engaging Employee: Busy Bee may need to hire people that are capable and efficient enough to provide service of hand car wash and detailing to the customers. The efficient employee will help in growing the business (Furnham, 2012). Therefore, for each service the management of the company can hire different personnel so that quick service can be delivered with quality. Service No. Of Employees Full Wash 5 Interior Clean 3 Exterior Wash 2 Business Fleet Washes 2 End User Detail 3 Car Dealership Detail 6 Table 4: Engagement of Employee with services 5. Management Team and Company Structure It is known that car washing normally considered as seasonal business which has a high peak during the warm summer month. Therefore, Busy Bee Car Centre will be requiring both part time and temporary team for the managing the operations of hand car wash and detailing. Apart from that, company will be focusing on hiring five full time cash wash service and around three detail specialist so that best and quality service can be provided to the customers (Heagney, 2012). On the other hand, the two full time car wash specialists will be hired so that they can monitor the work of other workers so that they can provide assistance and training to improve their performance and service. The car wash specialist provides training to workers on used or old cars so that they may know which corner to clean and which part they should avoid (Hajro, 2012). Apart from that, the company will appoint one administrative assistant that will help and assist the owner of Busy Bee with the paperwork and the a ppointed person will act as a receptionist to provide details to the customers about the services and charges. Figure 3: Company Structure of Busy Bee Car Centre 6. Operation Plan Location: Busy Bee Car Centre will be located at the centre of Bronte so that it can be easily accessed by the customers and they do not find any difficulty. Moreover, the sign board will be placed so that customers can know the location of the company (Lambin and Schuiling, 2012). On the other hand, the building for operation will have the capacity to clean about four cars at one time which will provide quick service to the car owners. Supply and Inventory Management: In order to place all the required resources and equipment for cleaning and detailing the cars, the company has to arrange materials via suppliers so that the business does not fall short. The resources such as water spray gun, speedway car cleaning, car wash pipe, microfiber car duster, etc can be arranged in required quantity by the suppliers (Mackay and Wilmshurst, 2012). Therefore, having strong bonding with suppliers can help company to negotiate. On the other hand, the business may need to remove that entire inventory that is unproductive or that can affect sales. Hiring Efficient Employee: The different worker has to take up assigned role so that work can be aligned. The car washers has to completely involve in washing car only whereas detail specialist has to be involved only in car detailing work in order to provide satisfactory service to customers (McDaniel and Gates, 2012). On the other hand, accountant to be involved in accounting work and administrative staff has to be involved with their part. Therefore, higher productivity can be generated and better working environment can be developed. Set Timelines: The management of Busy Bee has to set time for each group member to clean and wash the car within the specified time. Therefore, for one car time can be fixed to maximum 30 minutes. On the other hand, for detailing part, time can be approx 1 hour if there is no any big issue and if there is then time can be extended. Therefore, it makes the employees to remain focus and concentrate on work for higher productivity (Melanthiou, 2012). Set Performance Indicators: The management many need to set performance indicators so that performance of the employees can be assessed along with overall performance of the Busy Bee. Therefore, for hand car wash and detailing work, the management can allot 15 cars that need to be cleaned by the workers (Mooradian, Matzler and Ring, 2012). On the other hand, fixing monthly sales target will be good indicator to measure the performance of the Busy Bee Car Centre. 7. Product Design and Development Plan Stages Month 1 Month 2 Month 2-3 Month 4 Month 4-5 Month 6 Follow up on press release Press Release Distribution of flyers Commencement for business Hiring of administrative staff Hiring of staff for car wash service Converting Premises Signing of Rental Contract Completion of Business Plan Table 5: Product/Business Design Plan Stages Week 1 Week 2-4 Week 5 Week 5-6 Week 7 Week 8 Idea Generation Idea Screening Concept Development and Testing Market Strategy Development Business Analysis Test Marketing Commercialization Table 6: Product Development Plan 8. Financial Projections 8.1 Profit and Loss Projections Year-by-year profit and loss assumptions Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Annual cumulative price (revenue) increase - 2.00% 3.50% 4.00% 6.00% Annual cumulative inflation (expense) increase - 2.00% 3.50% 4.00% 6.00% Interest rate on ending cash balance 0.50% 0.50% 0.50% 0.50% 0.50% Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Revenue Gross revenue $2,00,500 $2,04,510 $2,11,668 $2,20,135 $2,33,343 Cost of goods sold 17,300 17,646 18,264 18,994 20,134 Gross margin $1,83,200 $1,86,864 $1,93,404 $2,01,140 $2,13,209 Other revenue [source] $0 $0 $10,000 $0 $0 Interest income $1,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 Total revenue $1,84,200 $1,86,864 $2,03,404 $2,01,140 $2,13,209 Operating expenses Sales and marketing $25,000 $25,500 $26,393 $27,448 $29,095 Payroll and payroll taxes 32,000 $32,640 $33,782 $35,134 $37,242 Depreciation 27,000 30,192 30,636 30,784 31,376 Insurance 23,000 $23,460 $24,281 $25,252 $26,767 Maintenance, repair, and overhaul 10,000 10,710 10,868 10,920 11,130 Utilities 12,000 $12,240 $12,668 $13,175 $13,966 Property taxes 15,000 $15,300 $15,836 $16,469 $17,457 Administrative fees 14,500 $14,790 $15,308 $15,920 $16,875 Other 3,000 $3,060 $3,167 $3,294 $3,491 Total operating expenses $1,61,500 $1,67,892 $1,72,938 $1,78,396 $1,87,400 Operating income $22,700 $18,972 $30,466 $22,744 $25,809 Interest expense on long-term debt 3,433 2,740 2,013 1,250 449 Operating income before other items $19,267 $16,232 $28,453 $21,494 $25,360 Loss (gain) on sale of assets 0 0 1,000 0 0 Other unusual expenses (income) 0 0 0 0 0 Earnings before taxes $19,267 $16,232 $29,453 $21,494 $25,360 Taxes on income 5,780 4,870 8,836 6,448 7,608 Net income (loss) $13,487 $11,362 $20,617 $15,046 $17,752 8.2 Balance Sheet Assets Initial balance Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Cash and short-term investments $30,500 $81,142 $1,32,378 $1,69,554 $2,15,367 $2,65,752 Accounts receivable 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 Total inventory 23,500 23,500 23,500 23,500 23,500 23,500 Prepaid expenses 0 0 0 0 0 0 Deferred income tax 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other current assets 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 Total current assets $61,500 $1,12,142 $1,63,378 $2,00,554 $2,46,367 $2,96,752 Buildings $78,000 $78,000 $78,000 $78,000 $78,000 $78,000 Land 86,000 86,000 86,000 86,000 86,000 86,000 Capital improvements 0 0 0 0 0 0 Machinery and equipment 70,000 70,000 70,000 70,000 70,000 70,000 Less: Accumulated depreciation expense 0 27,000 57,192 87,828 1,18,612 1,49,988 Net property/equipment $2,34,000 $2,07,000 $1,76,808 $1,46,172 $1,15,388 $84,012 Goodwill $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Deferred income tax 0 0 0 0 0 0 Long-term investments 0 0 0 0 0 0 Deposits 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other long-term assets 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total assets $2,95,500 $3,19,142 $3,40,186 $3,46,726 $3,61,755 $3,80,764 Liabilities Initial balance Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Accounts payable $2,500 $2,500 $3,000 $3,000 $1,500 $1,500 Accrued expenses 0 0 0 0 0 0 Notes payable/short-term debt 0 0 0 0 0 0 Capital leases 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other current liabilities 100 100 100 100 100 100 Total current liabilities $2,600 $2,600 $3,100 $3,100 $1,600 $1,600 Long-term debt from loan payment calculator $63,000 $56,655 $50,310 $35,440 $16,933 $0 Other long-term debt $81,000 $97,500 $1,13,027 $1,14,820 $1,34,810 $1,53,000 Total debt $1,46,600 $1,56,755 $1,66,437 $1,53,360 $1,53,343 $1,54,600 Other liabilities 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total liabilities $65,600 $59,255 $53,410 $38,540 $18,533 $1,600 Equity Initial balance Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Owner's equity (common) $50,000 $50,000 $50,000 $50,000 $50,000 $50,000 Paid-in capital 2,50,000 2,50,000 2,50,000 2,50,000 2,50,000 2,50,000 Preferred equity 0 0 0 0 0 0 Retained earnings 0 13,487 24,849 45,466 60,512 78,264 Total equity $3,00,000 $3,13,487 $3,24,849 $3,45,466 $3,60,512 $3,78,264 Total liabilities and equity $3,65,600 $3,72,742 $3,78,259 $3,84,006 $3,79,045 $3,79,864 8.3 Cash Flow Projections Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Total Operating activities Net income $13,487 $11,362 $20,617 $15,046 $17,752 $78,264 Depreciation 27,000 30,192 30,636 30,784 31,376 1,49,988 Accounts receivable 0 0 0 0 0 0 Inventories 0 0 0 0 0 0 Accounts payable 0 500 0 -1,500 0 -1,000 Amortization 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other liabilities 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other operating cash flow items 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total operating activities $40,487 $42,054 $51,253 $44,330 $49,128 $2,27,252 Investing activities Capital expenditures $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Acquisition of business 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sale of fixed assets $0 $0 ($1,000) $0 $0 -1,000 Other investing cash flow items 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total investing activities $0 $0 ($1,000) $0 $0 ($1,000) Financing activities Long-term debt/financing $10,155 $9,182 ($13,077) $1,483 $1,257 $9,000 Preferred stock 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total cash dividends paid 0 0 0 0 0 0 Common stock 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other financing cash flow items 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total financing activities $10,155 $9,182 ($13,077) $1,483 $1,257 $9,000 Cumulative cash flow $50,642 $51,236 $37,176 $45,813 $50,385 $2,35,252 Beginning cash balance $30,500 $81,142 $1,32,378 $1,69,554 $2,15,367 Ending cash balance $81,142 $1,32,378 $1,69,554 $2,15,367 $2,65,752 8.4 Loan Payment Annual interest rate 5.0% Monthly rate 0.41% Loan amount $76,500 Term of loan (months) 60 Payment ($1,439.76) 1 $76,500 ($1,128) ($312) ($1,440) 2 75,372 -1,133 -307 ($1,440) 3 74,239 -1,137 -302 ($1,440) 4 73,102 -1,142 -298 ($1,440) 5 71,960 -1,147 -293 ($1,440) 6 70,813 -1,151 -289 ($1,440) 7 69,662 -1,156 -284 ($1,440) 8 68,506 -1,161 -279 ($1,440) 9 67,346 -1,165 -274 ($1,440) 10 66,180 -1,170 -270 ($1,440) 11 65,010 -1,175 -265 ($1,440) 12 63,835 -1,180 -260 ($1,440) 13 62,655 -1,184 -255 ($1,440) 14 61,471 -1,189 -250 ($1,440) 15 60,282 -1,194 -246 ($1,440) 16 59,087 -1,199 -241 ($1,440) 17 57,888 -1,204 -236 ($1,440) 18 56,685 -1,209 -231 ($1,440) 19 55,476 -1,214 -226 ($1,440) 20 54,262 -1,219 -221 ($1,440) 21 53,043 -1,224 -216 ($1,440) 22 51,820 -1,229 -211 ($1,440) 23 50,591 -1,234 -206 ($1,440) 24 49,357 -1,239 -201 ($1,440) 25 48,119 -1,244 -196 ($1,440) 26 46,875 -1,249 -191 ($1,440) 27 45,626 -1,254 -186 ($1,440) 28 44,372 -1,259 -181 ($1,440) 29 43,113 -1,264 -176 ($1,440) 30 41,849 -1,269 -170 ($1,440) 31 40,580 -1,274 -165 ($1,440) 32 39,305 -1,280 -160 ($1,440) 33 38,026 -1,285 -155 ($1,440) 34 36,741 -1,290 -150 ($1,440) 35 35,451 -1,295 -144 ($1,440) 36 34,156 -1,301 -139 ($1,440) 37 32,855 -1,306 -134 ($1,440) 38 31,549 -1,311 -129 ($1,440) 39 30,238 -1,317 -123 ($1,440) 40 28,921 -1,322 -118 ($1,440) 41 27,599 -1,327 -112 ($1,440) 42 26,272 -1,333 -107 ($1,440) 43 24,939 -1,338 -102 ($1,440) 44 23,601 -1,344 -96 ($1,440) 45 22,258 -1,349 -91 ($1,440) 46 20,908 -1,355 -85 ($1,440) 47 19,554 -1,360 -80 ($1,440) 48 18,194 -1,366 -74 ($1,440) 49 16,828 -1,371 -69 ($1,440) 50 15,457 -1,377 -63 ($1,440) 51 14,080 -1,382 -57 ($1,440) 52 12,698 -1,388 -52 ($1,440) 53 11,310 -1,394 -46 ($1,440) 54 9,916 -1,399 -40 ($1,440) 55 8,517 -1,405 -35 ($1,440) 56 7,112 -1,411 -29 ($1,440) 57 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